Inbred maize line PH890

ABSTRACT

An inbred maize line, designated PH890, the seeds and plants of inbred maize line PH890, methods for producing a maize plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred maize line PH890 with another maize plant, and seed and plants produced therefrom. The invention also relates to methods for producing a modified PH890 maize plant that comprises in its genetic material one or more transgenes or backcross conversion genes and to the transgenic and backcross conversion maize plants produced by these methods. This invention also relates to methods for producing other inbred and hybrid maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH890 and to the inbred and hybrid maize lines so produced.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to the field of maize breeding,specifically relating to an inbred maize line designated PH890.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The goal of plant breeding is to combine, in a single variety or hybrid,various desirable traits. For field crops, these traits may includeresistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to heat and drought,reducing the time to crop maturity, greater yield, and better agronomicquality. With mechanical harvesting of many crops, uniformity of plantcharacteristics such as germination and stand establishment, growthrate, maturity, and plant and ear height, is important. Traditionalplant breeding is an important tool in developing new and improvedcommercial crops.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, there is provided a novel inbred maize line,designated PH890. This invention thus relates to the seeds of inbredmaize line PH890, to the plants of inbred maize line PH890, to plantparts of inbred maize line PH890, to methods for producing a maize plantproduced by crossing the inbred maize line PH890 with another maizeplant, including a plant that is part of a synthetic or naturalpopulation, and to methods for producing a maize plant containing in itsgenetic material one or more backcross conversion trait or transgene andto the backcross conversion maize plants and plant parts produced bythose methods. This invention also relates to inbred maize lines andplant parts derived from inbred maize line PH890, to methods forproducing other inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PH890and to the inbred maize lines and their parts derived by the use ofthose methods. This invention further relates to hybrid maize seeds,plants and plant parts produced by crossing the inbred line PH890 or abackcross conversion of PH890 with another maize line.

Definitions

Certain definitions used in the specification are provided below. Alsoin the examples that follow, a number of terms are used herein. In orderto provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification andclaims, including the scope to be given such terms, the followingdefinitions are provided. NOTE: ABS is in absolute terms and % MN ispercent of the mean for the experiments in which the inbred or hybridwas grown. PCT designates that the trait is calculated as a percentage.% NOT designates the percentage of plants that did not exhibit a trait.For example, STKLDG % NOT is the percentage of plants in a plot thatwere not is stalk lodged. These designators will follow the descriptorsto denote how the values are to be interpreted.

ABTSTK=ARTIFICIAL BRITTLE STALK. A count of the number of “snapped”plants per plot following machine snapping. A snapped plant has itsstalk completely snapped at a node between the base of the plant and thenode above the ear. Expressed as percent of plants that did not snap.

ALLELE. Any of one or more alternative forms of a genetic sequence.Typically, in a diploid cell or organism, the two alleles of a givensequence occupy corresponding loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.

ANT ROT=ANTHRACNOSE STALK ROT (Colletotrichum graminicola). A 1 to 9visual rating indicating the resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot. Ahigher score indicates a higher resistance.

BACKCROSSING. Process in which a breeder crosses a progeny line back toone of the parental genotypes one or more times.

BARPLT=BARREN PLANTS. The percent of plants per plot that were notbarren (lack ears).

BREEDING. The genetic manipulation of living organisms.

BREEDING CROSS. A cross to introduce new genetic material into a plantfor the development of a new variety. For example, one could cross plantA with plant B, wherein plant B would be genetically different fromplant A. After the breeding cross, the resulting F1 plants could then beselfed or sibbed for one, two, three or more times (F1, F2, F3, etc.)until a new inbred variety is developed. For clarification, such newinbred varieties would be within a pedigree distance of one breedingcross of plants A and B.

BRTSTK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the stalk breakage near thetime of pollination, and is an indication of whether a hybrid or inbredwould snap or break near the time of flowering under severe winds. Dataare presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.

CLDTST=COLD TEST. The percent of plants that germinate under cold testconditions.

CLN=CORN LETHAL NECROSIS. Synergistic interaction of maize chloroticmottle virus (MCMV) in combination with either maize dwarf mosaic virus(MDMV-A or MDMV-B) or wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). A 1 to 9 visualrating indicating the resistance to Corn Lethal Necrosis. A higher scoreindicates a higher resistance.

COMRST=COMMON RUST (Puccinia sorghi). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicatingthe resistance to Common Rust. A higher score indicates a higherresistance.

D/D=DRYDOWN. This represents the relative rate at which a hybrid willreach acceptable harvest moisture compared to other hybrids on a 1 to 9rating scale. A high score indicates a hybrid that dries relatively fastwhile a low score indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.

DIPERS=DIPLODIA EAR MOLD SCORES (Diplodia maydis and Diplodiamacrospora). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance toDiplodia Ear Mold. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

DIPROT=DIPLODIA STALK ROT SCORE. Score of stalk rot severity due toDiplodia (Diplodia maydis). Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 beinghighly resistant.

DRPEAR=DROPPED EARS. A measure of the number of dropped ears per plotand represents the percentage of plants that did not drop ears prior toharvest.

D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE. This represents a 1 to 9 rating for droughttolerance, and is based on data obtained under stress conditions. A highscore indicates good drought tolerance and a low score indicates poordrought tolerance.

EARHT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure from the ground to thehighest placed developed ear node attachment and is measured incentimeters.

EARMLD=GENERAL EAR MOLD. Visual rating (1 to 9 score) where a “1” isvery susceptible and a “9” is very resistant. This is based on overallrating for ear mold of mature ears without determining the specific moldorganism, and may not be predictive for a specific ear mold.

EARSZ=EAR SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The higher therating the larger the ear size.

EBTSTK=EARLY BRITTLE STALK. A count of the number of “snapped” plantsper plot following severe winds when the corn plant is experiencing veryrapid vegetative growth in the V5-V8 stage. Expressed as percent ofplants that did not snap.

ECB1LF=EUROPEAN CORN BORER FIRST GENERATION LEAF FEEDING (Ostrinianubilalis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance topreflowering leaf feeding by first generation European Corn Borer. Ahigher score indicates a higher resistance.

ECB2IT=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GENERATION INCHES OF TUNNELING(Ostrinia nubilalis). Average inches of tunneling per plant in thestalk.

ECB2SC=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GENERATION (Ostrinia nubilalis). A 1to 9 visual rating indicating post flowering degree of stalk breakageand other evidence of feeding by European Corn Borer, Second Generation.A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

ECBDPE=EUROPEAN CORN BORER DROPPED EARS (Ostrinia nubilalis). Droppedears due to European Corn Borer. Percentage of plants that did not dropears under second generation corn borer infestation.

EGRWTH=EARLY GROWTH. This is a measure of the relative height and sizeof a corn seedling at the 2-4 leaf stage of growth. This is a visualrating (1 to 9), with 1 being weak or slow growth, 5 being averagegrowth and 9 being strong growth. Taller plants, wider leaves, moregreen mass and darker color constitute higher score.

ELITE INBRED. An inbred that contributed desirable qualities when usedto produce commercial hybrids. An elite inbred may also be used infurther breeding for the purpose of developing further improvedvarieties.

ERTLDG=EARLY ROOT LODGING. Early root lodging is the percentage ofplants that do not root lodge prior to or around anthesis; plants thatlean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greaterwould be counted as root lodged.

ERTLPN=EARLY ROOT LODGING. An estimate of the percentage of plants thatdo not root lodge prior to or around anthesis; plants that lean from thevertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would beconsidered as root lodged.

ERTLSC=EARLY ROOT LODGING SCORE. Score for severity of plants that leanfrom a vertical axis at an approximate 30 degree angle or greater whichtypically results from strong winds prior to or around floweringrecorded within 2 weeks of a wind event. Expressed as a 1 to 9 scorewith 9 being no lodging.

ESTCNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure of the stand establishmentin the spring and represents the number of plants that emerge on perplot basis for the inbred or hybrid.

EYESPT=EYE SPOT (Kabatiella zeae or Aureobasidium zeae). A 1 to 9 visualrating indicating the resistance to Eye Spot. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

FUSERS=FUSARIUM EAR ROT SCORE (Fusarium moniliforme or Fusariumsubglutinans). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance toFusarium ear rot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

GDU=GROWING DEGREE UNITS. Using the Barger Heat Unit Theory, whichassumes that maize growth occurs in the temperature range 50° F.-86° F.and that temperatures outside this range slow down growth; the maximumdaily heat unit accumulation is 36 and the minimum daily heat unitaccumulation is 0. The seasonal accumulation of GDU is a major factor indetermining maturity zones.

GDUSHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing degree units (GDUs) or heatunits required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50percent of the plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time ofplanting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method,where the heat units for a 24-hour period are:${GDU} = {\frac{\left( {{Max}.\quad{temp}.{+ {{Min}.\quad{temp}.}}} \right)}{2} - 50}$

The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the lowest minimumtemperature used is 50° F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certainnumber of GDUs to reach various stages of plant development.

GDUSLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing degree units required for aninbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plantswith silk emergence from time of planting. Growing degree units arecalculated by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHD definition.

GENOTYPE. Refers to the genetic constitution of a cell or organism.

GIBERS=GIBBERELLA EAR ROT (PINK MOLD) (Gibberella zeae). A 1 to 9 visualrating indicating the resistance to Gibberella Ear Rot. A higher scoreindicates a higher resistance.

GIBROT=GIBBERELLA STALK ROT SCORE. Score of stalk rot severity due toGibberella (Gibberella zeae). Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 beinghighly resistant.

GLFSPT=GRAY LEAF SPOT (Cercospora zeae-maydis). A 1 to 9 visual ratingindicating the resistance to Gray Leaf Spot. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

GOSWLT=GOSS=WILT (Corynebacterium nebraskense). A 1 to 9 visual ratingindicating the resistance to Goss' Wilt. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

GRNAPP=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1 to 9 rating for the generalappearance of the shelled grain as it is harvested based on such factorsas the color of harvested grain, any mold on the grain, and any crackedgrain. High scores indicate good grain quality.

HCBLT=HELMINTHOSPORIUM CARBONUM LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporium carbonum).A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Helminthosporiuminfection. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

HD SMT=HEAD SMUT (Sphacelotheca reiliana). This score indicates thepercentage of plants not infected.

HSKCVR=HUSK COVER. A 1 to 9 score based on performance relative to keychecks, with a score of 1 indicating very short husks, tip of ear andkernels showing; 5 is intermediate coverage of the ear under mostconditions, sometimes with thin husk; and a 9 has husks extending andclosed beyond the tip of the ear. Scoring can best be done nearphysiological maturity stage or any time during dry down untilharvested.

INC D/A=GROSS INCOME (DOLLARS PER ACRE). Relative income per acreassuming drying costs of two cents per point above 15.5 percent harvestmoisture and current market price per bushel.

INCOME/ACRE. Income advantage of hybrid to be patented over other hybridon per acre basis.

INC ADV=GROSS INCOME ADVANTAGE. GROSS INCOME advantage of variety #1over variety #2.

KSZDCD=KERNEL SIZE DISCARD. The percent of discard seed; calculated asthe sum of discarded tip kernels and extra large kernels.

LINKAGE. Refers to a phenomenon wherein alleles on the same chromosometend to segregate together more often than expected by chance if theirtransmission was independent.

LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM. Refers to a phenomenon wherein alleles tend toremain together in linkage groups when segregating from parents tooffspring, with a greater frequency than expected from their individualfrequencies.

L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively low plantdensities on a 1 to 9 relative system with a higher number indicatingthe hybrid responds well to low plant densities for yield relative toother hybrids. A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, andvery good yield response, respectively, to low plant density.

LRTLDG=LATE ROOT LODGING. Late root lodging is the percentage of plantsthat do not root lodge after anthesis through harvest; plants that leanfrom the vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would becounted as root lodged.

LRTLPN=LATE ROOT LODGING. Late root lodging is an estimate of thepercentage of plants that do not root lodge after anthesis throughharvest; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30°angle or greater would be considered as root lodged.

LRTLSC=LATE ROOT LODGING SCORE. Score for severity of plants that leanfrom a vertical axis at an approximate 30 degree angle or greater whichtypically results from strong winds after flowering. Recorded prior toharvest when a root-lodging event has occurred. This lodging results inplants that are leaned or “lodged” over at the base of the plant and donot straighten or “goose-neck” back to a vertical position. Expressed asa 1 to 9 score with 9 being no lodging.

MDMCPX=MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC COMPLEX (MDMV=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus andMCDV=Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating theresistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

MST=HARVEST MOISTURE. The moisture is the actual percentage moisture ofthe grain at harvest.

MSTADV=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE. The moisture advantage of variety #1 overvariety #2 as calculated by: MOISTURE of variety #2-MOISTURE of variety#1=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE of variety #1.

NLFBLT=NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporium turcicum or Exserohilumturcicum). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to NorthernLeaf Blight. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

OILT=GRAIN OIL. Absolute value of oil content of the kernel as predictedby Near-Infrared Transmittance and expressed as a percent of dry matter.

PEDIGREE DISTANCE. Relationship among generations based on theirancestral links as evidenced in pedigrees. May be measured by thedistance of the pedigree from a given starting point in the ancestry.

PLANT. As used herein, the term “plant” includes reference to animmature or mature whole plant, including a plant that has beendetasseled or from which seed or grain has been removed. Seed or embryothat will produce the plant is also considered to be the plant.

PLANT PARTS. As used herein, the term “plant parts” includes leaves,stems, roots, seed, grain, embryo, pollen, ovules, flowers, ears, cobs,husks, stalks, root tips, anthers, silk, tissue, cells and the like.

PLANT CELL. Plant cell, as used herein includes, plant cells whetherisolated, in tissue culture or incorporated in a plant or plant part.

PLTHT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the height of the plant fromthe ground to the tip of the tassel in centimeters.

POLSC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount ofpollen shed. The higher the score the more pollen shed.

POLWT=POLLEN WEIGHT. This is calculated by dry weight of tasselscollected as shedding commences minus dry weight from similar tasselsharvested after shedding is complete.

POP K/A=PLANT POPULATIONS. Measured as 1000 s per acre.

POP ADV=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE. The plant population advantage ofvariety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by PLANT POPULATION of variety#2-PLANT POPULATION of variety #1=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE of variety#1.

PRM=PREDICTED RELATIVE MATURITY. This trait, predicted relativematurity, is based on the harvest moisture of the grain. The relativematurity rating is based on a known set of checks and utilizes standardlinear regression analyses and is also referred to as the ComparativeRelative Maturity Rating System that is similar to the MinnesotaRelative Maturity Rating System.

PRMSHD=A relative measure of the growing degree units (GDU) required toreach 50% pollen shed. Relative values are predicted values from thelinear regression of observed GDU's on relative maturity of commercialchecks.

PROT=GRAIN PROTEIN. Absolute value of protein content of the kernel aspredicted by Near-Infrared Transmittance and expressed as a percent ofdry matter.

RTLDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percentage of plants that do notroot lodge; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately30° angle or greater would be counted as root lodged.

RTLADV=ROOT LODGING ADVANTAGE. The root lodging advantage of variety #1over variety #2.

SCTGRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount ofscatter grain (lack of pollination or kernel abortion) on the ear. Thehigher the score the less scatter grain.

SDGVGR=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the visual rating (1 to 9) of the amountof vegetative growth after emergence at the seedling stage(approximately five leaves). A higher score indicates better vigor.

SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index gives a single measure ofthe hybrid's worth based on information for up to five traits. A maizebreeder may utilize his or her own set of traits for the selectionindex. One of the traits that is almost always included is yield. Theselection index data presented in the tables represent the mean valueaveraged across testing stations.

SLFBLT=SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporium maydis or Bipolarismaydis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to SouthernLeaf Blight. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.

SOURST=SOUTHERN RUST (Puccinia polysora). A 1 to 9 visual ratingindicating the resistance to Southern Rust. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

STAGRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of plant health near thetime of black layer formation (physiological maturity). A high scoreindicates better late-season plant health.

STDADV=STALK STANDING ADVANTAGE. The advantage of variety #1 overvariety #2 for the trait STK CNT.

STKCNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final stand or number of plants perplot.

STKLDG=STALK LODGING REGULAR. This is the percentage of plants that didnot stalk lodge (stalk breakage) at regular harvest (when grain moistureis between about 20 and 30%) as measured by either natural lodging orpushing the stalks and determining the percentage of plants that breakbelow the ear.

STKLDL=LATE STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of plants that did notstalk lodge (stalk breakage) at or around late season harvest (whengrain moisture is between about 15 and 18%) as measured by eithernatural lodging or pushing the stalks and determining the percentage ofplants that break below the ear.

STKLDS=STALK LODGING SCORE. A plant is considered as stalk lodged if thestalk is broken or crimped between the ear and the ground. This can becaused by any or a combination of the following: strong winds late inthe season, disease pressure within the stalks, ECB damage orgenetically weak stalks. This trait should be taken just prior to or atharvest. Expressed on a 1 to 9 scale with 9 being no lodging.

STLLPN=LATE STALK LODGING. This is the percent of plants that did notstalk lodge (stalk breakage or crimping) at or around late seasonharvest (when grain moisture is below 20%) as measure by either naturallodging or pushing the stalks and determining the percentage of plantsthat break or crimp below the ear.

STLPCN=STALK LODGING REGULAR. This is an estimate of the percentage ofplants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) at regular harvest(when grain moisture is between about 20 and 30%) as measured by eithernatural lodging or pushing the stalks and determining the percentage ofplants that break below the ear.

STRT=GRAIN STARCH. Absolute value of starch content of the kernel aspredicted by Near-Infrared Transmittance and expressed as a percent ofdry matter.

STWWLT=Stewart's Wilt (Erwinia stewartii). A 1 to 9 visual ratingindicating the resistance to Stewart's Wilt. A higher score indicates ahigher resistance.

TASBLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to measure thedegree of blasting (necrosis due to heat stress) of the tassel at thetime of flowering. A 1 would indicate a very high level of blasting attime of flowering, while a 9 would have no tassel blasting.

TASSZ=TASSEL SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate therelative size of the tassel. The higher the rating the larger thetassel.

TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT. This is the average weight of a tassel (grams)just prior to pollen shed.

TEXEAR=EAR TEXTURE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate therelative hardness (smoothness of crown) of mature grain. A 1 would bevery soft (extreme dent) while a 9 would be very hard (flinty or verysmooth crown).

TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the number of tillers per plot that couldpossibly shed pollen was taken. Data are given as a percentage oftillers: number of tillers per plot divided by number of plants perplot.

TSTWT=TEST WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED). The measure of the weight of the grainin pounds for a given volume (bushel).

TSWADV=TEST WEIGHT ADVANTAGE. The test weight advantage of variety #1over variety #2.

WIN M%=PERCENT MOISTURE WINS.

WIN Y%=PERCENT YIELD WINS.

YIELD BU/A=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Yield of the grain at harvest inbushels per acre adjusted to 15% moisture.

YLDADV=YIELD ADVANTAGE. The yield advantage of variety #1 over variety#2 as calculated by: YIELD of variety #1-YIELD variety #2=yieldadvantage of variety #1.

YLDSC=YIELD SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to give a relativerating for yield based on plot ear piles. The higher the rating thegreater visual yield appearance.

Definitions for Area of Adaptability

When referring to area of adaptability, such term is used to describethe location with the environmental conditions that would be well suitedfor this maize line. Area of adaptability is based on a number offactors, for example: days to maturity, insect resistance, diseaseresistance, and drought resistance. Area of adaptability does notindicate that the maize line will grow in every location within the areaof adaptability or that it will not grow outside the area.

-   Central Corn Belt: Iowa, Illinois, Indiana-   Drylands: non-irrigated areas of North Dakota, South Dakota,    Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado and Oklahoma-   Eastern U.S.: Ohio, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and    West Virginia-   North central U.S.: Minnesota and Wisconsin-   Northeast: Michigan, New York, Vermont, and Ontario and Quebec    Canada-   Northwest U.S.: North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Washington,    Oregon, Montana, Utah, and Idaho-   South central U.S.: Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas-   Southeast U.S.: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida,    Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana-   Southwest U.S.: Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona-   Western U.S.: Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and California-   Maritime Europe: France, Germany, Belgium and Austria

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND FURTHER EMBODIMENTS

All tables discussed in the Detailed Description of the Invention andFurther Embodiments section can be found at the end of the section.

Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of PH890

Inbred maize line PH890 is a yellow, flint-dent maize inbred that isbest suited to be used as a female in the production of the firstgeneration F1 maize hybrids. Inbred maize line PH890 is best adapted toSouthcentral, Southwest, and Western areas of the United States, and canbe used to produce hybrids with approximately 117 maturity based on theComparative Relative Maturity Rating System for harvest moisture ofgrain. Inbred maize line PH890 demonstrates above average female yield,above average combining ability, and above average resistance toNorthern Leaf Blight, Southern Leaf Blight, Stewarts Wilt and Gibberellaear rot as an inbred per se. In hybrid combination, inbred PH890demonstrates above average staygreen, above average extractable starch,and consistently produces high yields in favorable yield environments.

The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the limits ofenvironmental influence for all the traits as described in the VarietyDescription Information (Table 1, found at the end of the section). Theinbred has been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number ofgenerations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant type toensure the homozygosity and phenotypic stability necessary for use incommercial hybrid seed production. The line has been increased both byhand and in isolated fields with continued observation for uniformity.No variant traits have been observed or are expected in PH890.

Inbred maize line PH890, being substantially homozygous, can bereproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the resulting maizeplants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions withadequate isolation, and harvesting the resulting seed using techniquesfamiliar to the agricultural arts.

Genetic Marker Profile

To select and develop superior inbred parental lines for producinghybrids, it is necessary to identify and select genetically uniqueindividuals that occur in a segregating population. The segregatingpopulation is the result of a combination of crossover events plus theindependent assortment of specific combinations of alleles at many geneloci that results in specific and unique genotypes. The geneticvariation among individual progeny of a breeding cross allows for theidentification of rare and valuable new genotypes. Once identified, itis possible to utilize routine and predictable breeding methods todevelop progeny that retain the rare and valuable new genotypesdeveloped by the initial breeder.

Even if the entire genotypes of the parents of the breeding cross werecharacterized and a desired genotype known, only a few if anyindividuals having the desired genotype may be found in a largesegregating F2 population. It would be very unlikely that a breeder ofordinary skill in the art would be able to recreate the same line twicefrom the very same original parents as the breeder is unable to directhow the genomes combine or how they will interact with the environmentalconditions. This unpredictability results in the expenditure of largeamounts of research resources in the development of a superior new maizeinbred line. Once such a line is developed its value to society issubstantial since it is important to advance the germplasm base as awhole in order to maintain or improve traits such as yield, diseaseresistance, pest resistance and plant performance in extreme weatherconditions. Backcross trait conversions are routinely used to add ormodify one or a few traits of such a line and this further enhances itsvalue and usefulness to society.

Phenotypic traits exhibited by PH890 can be used to characterize thegenetic contribution of PH890 to progeny lines developed through the useof PH890. Quantitative traits including, but not limited to, yield,maturity, stay green, root lodging, stalk lodging, and early growth aretypically governed by multiple genes at multiple loci. PH890 progenyplants that retain the same degree of phenotypic expression of thesequantitative traits as PH890 have received significant genotypic andphenotypic contribution from PH890. This characterization is enhancedwhen is such quantitative trait is not exhibited in non-PH890 breedingmaterial used to developed the PH890 progeny.

In addition to phenotypic observations, a plant can also be identifiedby its genotype. The genotype of a plant can be characterized through agenetic marker profile, which can identify plants of the same variety ora related variety or be used to determine or validate a pedigree.Genetic marker profiles can be obtained by techniques such asRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly AmplifiedPolymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction(AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence CharacterizedAmplified Regions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms(AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to asMicrosatellites, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Forexample, see Berry, Don, et al., “Assessing Probability of AncestryUsing Simple Sequence Repeat Profiles: Applications to Maize Hybrids andInbreds”, Genetics, 2002, 161:813-824, which is incorporated byreference herein.

Particular markers used for these purposes are not limited to the set ofmarkers disclosed herein, but are envisioned to include any type ofmarker and marker profile which provides a means of distinguishingvarieties. In addition to being used for identification of Inbred LinePH890, a hybrid produced through the use of PH890, and theidentification or verification of pedigree for progeny plants producedthrough the use of PH890, the genetic marker profile is also useful infurther breeding and in developing backcross conversions.

Means of performing genetic marker profiles using SSR polymorphisms arewell known in the art. SSRs are genetic markers based on polymorphismsin repeated nucleotide sequences, such as microsatellites. A markersystem based on SSRs can be highly informative in linkage analysisrelative to other marker systems in that multiple alleles may bepresent. Another advantage of this type of marker is that, through useof flanking primers, detection of SSRs can be achieved, for example, bythe polymerase chain reaction (PCR), thereby eliminating the need forlabor-intensive Southern hybridization. The PCR™ detection is done byuse of two oligonucleotide primers flanking the polymorphic segment ofrepetitive DNA. Repeated cycles of heat denaturation of the DNA followedby annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences at lowtemperatures, and extension of the annealed primers with DNA polymerase,comprise the major part of the methodology.

Following amplification, markers can be scored by gel electrophoresis ofthe amplification products. Scoring of marker genotype is based on thesize of the amplified fragment as measured by molecular weight (MW)rounded to the nearest integer. While variation in the primer used or inlaboratory procedures can affect the reported molecular weight, relativevalues should remain constant regardless of the specific primer orlaboratory used. When comparing lines it is preferable if all SSRprofiles are performed in the same lab. The SSR analyses reported hereinwere conducted in-house at Pioneer Hi-Bred. An SSR service is availableto the public on a contractual basis by Paragen (formerly Celera Ag Gen)in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Primers used for the SSRs reported herein are publicly available and maybe found in the Maize GDB using the World Wide Wed prefix followed bymaizegdb.org (maintained by the USDA Agricultural Research Service), inSharopova et al. (Plant Mol. Biol. 48(5-6);463-481), Lee et al (PlantMol. Biol. 48(5-6); 453-461), or may be constructed from sequences ifreported herein. Some marker information may be available from Paragon.

Map information is provided by bin number as reported in the Maize GDB.The bin number digits to the left of decimal point represent thechromosome on which such marker is located, and the digits to the rightof the decimal represent the location on such chromosome. Any binnumbers reported in parenthesis represent other bin locations for suchmarker that have been reported in the literature or on the Maize GDB. Abin number.xx designation indicates that the bin location on thatchromosome is not known. Map positions are also available on the MaizeGDB for a variety of different mapping populations.

The SSR profile of Inbred PH890 can be found in Table 2 found at the endof this section. The profile can be used to identify hybrids comprisingPH890 as a parent, since such hybrids will comprise two sets of allele,one set of which will be the same alleles as PH890. Because an inbred isessentially homozygous at all relevant loci, an inbred should, in almostall cases, have only one allele at each locus. In contrast, a geneticmarker profile of a hybrid should be the sum of those parents, e.g., ifone inbred parent had allele x at a particular locus, and the otherinbred parent had allele y the hybrid is x.y (heterozygous) byinference. Subsequent generations of progeny produced by selection andbreeding are expected to be of genotype x (homozygous), y (homozygous),or x.y (heterozygous) for that locus position. When the F1 plant is usedto produce an inbred, the inbred should be either x or y for thatallele.

Plants and plant parts substantially benefiting from the use of PH890 intheir development such as PH890 comprising a backcross conversion,transgene, or genetic sterility factor, may be identified by having amolecular marker profile with a high percent identity to PH890.

The SSR profile of PH890 also can be used to identify essentiallyderived varieties and other progeny lines developed from the use ofPH890, as well as cells and other plant parts thereof. Progeny plantsand plant parts produced using PH890 may be identified by having amolecular marker profile of at least 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%,60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%,74%, 75%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%,91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 99.5% geneticcontribution from inbred line PH890.

Unique SSR Profiles

While determining the SSR genetic marker profile of the inbredsdescribed supra, several unique SSR profile loci sets were or may beidentified through further analysis which did not appear in eitherparent of such inbred.

Such unique SSR profiles may arise during the breeding process fromrecombination or mutation. A combination of several unique allelesprovides a means of identifying an inbred, a hybrid produced from suchinbred, and progeny produced from such inbred. Such progeny may befurther characterized as being within a pedigree distance of PH890, suchas within 1,2,3,4 or 5 or less breeding crosses to a maize plant otherthan PH890 or a plant that has PH890 as a parent or other progenitor.Further unique molecular profiles may be identified with other moleculartools such as SNPs and RFLPs.

Each genetic marker profile represents a novel grouping of allelesunique to an inbred. Each of the unique SSR profiles that may be foundare referred to as a “loci set”.

Comparing PH890 To Other Inbreds

A breeder uses various methods to help determine which plants should beselected from the segregating populations and ultimately which inbredlines will be used to develop hybrids for commercialization. In additionto the knowledge of the germplasm and other skills the breeder uses, apart of the selection process is dependent on experimental designcoupled with the use of statistical analysis. Experimental design andstatistical analysis are used to help determine which plants, whichfamily of plants, and finally which inbred lines and hybrid combinationsare significantly better or different for one or more traits ofinterest. Experimental design methods are used to assess error so thatdifferences between two inbred lines or two hybrid lines can be moreaccurately determined. Statistical analysis includes the calculation ofmean values, determination of the statistical significance of thesources of variation, and the calculation of the appropriate variancecomponents. Either a five or a one percent significance level iscustomarily used to determine whether a difference that occurs for agiven trait is real or due to the environment or experimental error. Oneof ordinary skill in the art of plant breeding would know how toevaluate the traits of two plant varieties to determine if there is nosignificant difference between the two traits expressed by thosevarieties. For example, see Fehr, Walt, Principles of CultivarDevelopment, p. 261-286 (1987) which is incorporated herein byreference. Mean trait values may be used to determine whether traitdifferences are significant, and preferably the traits are measured onplants grown under the same environmental conditions.

In Tables 3A-3E, data from traits and characteristics of inbred maizeline PH890 per se are given and compared to other maize inbred lines.

Inbred by Tester comparisons are also used to evaluate two inbreds.Combined inbred by tester comparison results can be used to distinguishtwo inbred lines while also providing information about the combiningability of the inbreds used.

Tables 4A-4C compare PH890 to three other inbreds, when each inbred iscrossed to the same tester lines.

Methods of Introducing a New Gene or Trait into PH890.

Field crops are bred through techniques that take advantage of theplant's method of pollination. A plant is self-pollinated if pollen fromone flower is transferred to the same or another flower of the sameplant. A plant is sib-pollinated when individuals within the same familyor line are used for pollination. A plant is cross-pollinated if thepollen comes from a flower on a different plant from a different familyor line. The terms “cross-pollination” and “out-cross” as used herein donot include self-pollination or sib-pollination.

Maize (zea mays L.), often referred to as corn in the United States, canbe bred by both self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Maizehas separate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on thetassel and the ear, respectively. Natural or open pollination occurs inmaize when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that protrudefrom the tops of the ears.

Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type for manygenerations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce auniform population of true breeding progeny. A cross between twodifferent homozygous lines produces a uniform population of hybridplants that may be heterozygous for many gene loci. A cross of twoplants; each heterozygous at a number of gene loci, will produce apopulation of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will not beuniform.

One possible method of introducing a new gene or trait into PH890 isproducing a backcross conversion of PH890. A backcross conversion occurswhen DNA sequences are introduced through traditional(non-transformation) breeding techniques, such as backcrossing (Hallaueret al, 1988). DNA sequences, whether naturally occurring or transgenes,may be introduced using these traditional breeding techniques. Abackcross conversion may produce a plant with a trait conversion in atleast one or more crosses, including at least 2 crosses, at least 3crosses, at least 4 crosses, and the like. Molecular marker assistedbreeding or selection may be utilized to reduce the number ofbackcrosses necessary to achieve the backcross conversion. The termbackcross conversion is also referred to in the art as a single locusconversion. Reference is made to US 2002/0062506 A1 for a detaileddiscussion of single locus conversions and traits that may beincorporated into PH890 through backcross conversion. Desired traitstransferred through this process include, but are not limited to, waxystarch, grain color, nutritional enhancements, altered fatty acidprofile, increased digestibility, low phytate, industrial enhancements,disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance and yieldenhancements. The trait of interest is transferred from the donor parentto the recurrent parent, in this case, the maize plant disclosed herein.The backcross conversion may result from either the transfer of adominant allele or a recessive allele. Selection of progeny containingthe trait of interest is accomplished by direct selection for a traitassociated with a dominant allele. Selection of progeny for a trait thatis transferred via a recessive allele, such as the waxy starchcharacteristic, requires growing and selfing the first backcrossgeneration to determine which plants carry the recessive alleles.Recessive traits may require additional progeny testing in successivebackcross generations to determine the presence of the gene of interest.Along with selection for the trait of interest, progeny are selected forthe phenotype of the recurrent parent. While occasionally additionalpolynucleotide sequences or genes are transferred along with thebackcross conversion, this is an insubstantial change to the variety,and backcross conversion lines are easily developed without undueexperimentation. Hallauer et al. (1998, page 472) states that “Forsingle gene traits that are relatively easy to classify, the backcrossmethod is effective and relatively easy to manage.” Poehlman et al.(1995, page 334) states that “A backcross-derived inbred line fits intothe same hybrid combination as the recurrent parent inbred line andcontributes the effect of the additional gene added through thebackcross.”

The advent of new molecular biological techniques has allowed theisolation and characterization of genetic elements with specificfunctions, such as encoding specific protein products. Scientists in thefield of plant biology developed a strong interest in engineering thegenome of plants to contain and express foreign genetic elements, oradditional, or modified versions of native or endogenous geneticelements in order to alter the traits of a plant in a specific manner.Any DNA sequences, whether from a different species or from the samespecies, that are inserted into the genome using transformation arereferred to herein collectively as “transgenes”. A transformed plant maycontain at least one transgene but could contain at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and/or no more than 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6,5, 4, 3, or 2. Over the last fifteen to twenty years several methods forproducing transgenic plants have been developed, and the presentinvention, in particular embodiments, also relates to transformedversions of the claimed inbred maize line PH890 as well as hybridcombinations thereof.

Numerous methods for plant transformation have been developed, includingbiological and physical plant transformation protocols. See, forexample, Miki et al., “Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA intoPlants” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick,B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages67-88 and Armstrong, “The First Decade of Maize Transformation: A Reviewand Future Perspective” (Maydica 44:101-109, 1999). In addition,expression vectors and in vitro culture methods for plant cell or tissuetransformation and regeneration of plants are available. See, forexample, Gruber et al., “Vectors for Plant Transformation” in Methods inPlant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick, B. R. and Thompson, J.E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages 89-119.

The most prevalent types of plant transformation involve theconstruction of an expression vector. Such a vector comprises a DNAsequence that contains a gene under the control of or operatively linkedto a regulatory element, for example a promoter. The vector may containone or more genes and one or more regulatory elements.

A genetic trait which has been engineered into a particular maize plantusing transformation techniques, could be moved into another line usingtraditional breeding techniques that are well known in the plantbreeding arts. For example, a backcrossing approach is commonly used tomove a transgene from a transformed maize plant to an elite inbred line,and the resulting progeny would then comprise the transgene(s). Also, ifan inbred line was used for the transformation then the transgenicplants could be crossed to a different inbred in order to produce atransgenic hybrid maize plant. As used herein, “crossing” can refer to asimple X by Y cross, or the process of backcrossing, depending on thecontext.

Various genetic elements can be introduced into the plant genome usingtransformation. These elements include but are not limited to genes;coding sequences; inducible, constitutive, and tissue specificpromoters; enhancing sequences; and signal and targeting sequences. Seethe traits, genes and transforming methods listed in U.S. Pat. No.6,118,055, which are herein incorporated by reference.

With transgenic plants according to the present invention, a foreignprotein can be produced in commercial quantities. Thus, techniques forthe selection and propagation of transformed plants, which are wellunderstood in the art, yield a plurality of transgenic plants which areharvested in a conventional manner, and a foreign protein then can beextracted from a tissue of interest or from total biomass. Proteinextraction from plant biomass can be accomplished by known methods whichare discussed, for example, by Heney and Orr, Anal. Biochem. 114: 92-6(1981). One embodiment, the biomass of interest is seed.

A genetic map can be generated, primarily via conventional RestrictionFragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)analysis, and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNP) which identifies the approximate chromosomallocation of the integrated DNA molecule. For exemplary methodologies inthis regard, see Glick and Thompson, METHODS IN PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGYAND BIOTECHNOLOGY 269-284 (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993).

Wang et al. discuss “Large Scale Identification, Mapping and Genotypingof Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Genome”, Science,280:1077-1082, 1998, and similar capabilities are becoming increasinglyavailable for the corn genome. Map information concerning chromosomallocation is useful for proprietary protection of a subject transgenicplant. If unauthorized propagation is undertaken and crosses made withother germplasm, the map of the integration region can be compared tosimilar maps for suspect plants, to determine if the latter have acommon parentage with the subject plant. Map comparisons would involvehybridizations, RFLP, PCR, SSR and sequencing, all of which areconventional techniques. SNP's may also be used alone or in combinationwith other techniques.

Likewise, by means of the present invention, plants can be geneticallyengineered to express various phenotypes of agronomic interest. Throughthe transformation of maize the expression of genes can be modulated toenhance disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance,agronomic traits as well as grain quality traits. Transformation canalso be used to insert DNA sequences which control or help controlmale-sterility. DNA sequences native to maize as well as non-native DNAsequences can be transformed into maize and used to modulate levels ofnative or non-native proteins. Anti-sense technology, various promoters,targeting sequences, enhancing sequences, and other DNA sequences can beinserted into the maize genome for the purpose of modulating theexpression of proteins. Exemplary transgenes implicated in this regardinclude, but are not limited to, those categorized below.

1. Transgenes That Confer Resistance To Pests or Disease And ThatEncode:

(A) Plant disease resistance genes. Plant defenses are often activatedby specific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene(R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr)gene in the pathogen. A plant variety can be transformed with clonedresistance gene to engineer plants that are resistant to specificpathogen strains. See, for example Jones et al., Science 266: 789 (1994)(cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum);Martin et al., Science 262: 1432 (1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistanceto Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato encodes a protein kinase); Mindrinoset al., Cell 78:1089 (1994) (Arabidopsis RSP2 gene for resistance toPseudomonas syringae). A plant resistant to a disease is one that ismore resistant to a pathogen as compared to the wild type plant.

(B) A Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof or asynthetic polypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser et al.,Gene 48: 109 (1986), who disclose the cloning and nucleotide sequence ofa Bt δ-endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA molecules encoding δ-endotoxingenes can be purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Rockville,Md.), for example, under ATCC Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and31998. Other examples of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenes beinggenetically engineered are given in the following patents and hereby areincorporated by reference for this purpose: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,188,960;5,689,052; 5,880,275; and WO 97/40162.

(C) A lectin. See, for example, the disclosure by Van Damme et al.,Plant Molec. Biol. 24: 25 (1994), who disclose the nucleotide sequencesof several Clivia miniata mannose-binding lectin genes.

(D) A vitamin-binding protein such as avidin. See PCT applicationUS93/06487 the contents of which are hereby incorporated by referencefor this purpose. The application teaches the use of avidin and avidinhomologues as larvicides against insect pests.

(E) An enzyme inhibitor, for example, a protease inhibitor or an amylaseinhibitor. See, for example, Abe et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262: 16793(1987) (nucleotide sequence of rice cysteine proteinase inhibitor), Huubet al., Plant Molec. Biol. 21: 985 (1993) (nucleotide sequence of cDNAencoding tobacco proteinase inhibitor 1), and Sumitani et al., Biosci.Biotech. Biochem. 57: 1243 (1993) (nucleotide sequence of Streptomycesnitrosporeus α-amylase inhibitor) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,813.

(F) An insect-specific hormone or pheromone such as an ecdysteroid andjuvenile hormone, a variant thereof, a mimetic based thereon, or anantagonist or agonist thereof. See, for example, the disclosure byHammock et al., Nature 344: 458 (1990), of baculovirus expression ofcloned juvenile hormone esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone.

(G) An insect-specific peptide or neuropeptide which, upon expression,disrupts the physiology of the affected pest. For example, see thedisclosures of Regan, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9 (1994) (expression cloningyields DNA coding for insect diuretic hormone receptor), and Pratt etal., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 163: 1243 (1989) (an allostatin isidentified in Diploptera puntata). See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,317 toTomalski et al., who disclose genes encoding insect-specific, paralyticneurotoxins.

(H) An insect-specific venom produced in nature by a snake, a wasp, etc.For example, see Pang et al., Gene 116: 165 (1992), for disclosure ofheterologous expression in plants of a gene coding for a scorpioninsectotoxic peptide.

(I) An enzyme responsible for an hyperaccumulation of a monterpene, asesquiterpene, a steroid, hydroxamic acid, a phenylpropanoid derivativeor another non-protein molecule with insecticidal activity.

(J) An enzyme involved in the modification, including thepost-translational modification, of a biologically active molecule; forexample, a glycolytic enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme,a nuclease, a cyclase, a transaminase, an esterase, a hydrolase, aphosphatase, a kinase, a phosphorylase, a polymerase, an elastase, achitinase and a glucanase, whether natural or synthetic. See PCTapplication WO 93/02197 in the name of Scott et al, which discloses thenucleotide sequence of a callase gene. DNA molecules which containchitinase-encoding sequences can be obtained, for example, from the ATCCunder Accession Nos. 39637 and 67152. See also Kramer et al., InsectBiochem. Molec. Biol.23: 691 (1993), who teach the nucleotide sequenceof a cDNA encoding tobacco hookworm chitinase, and Kawalleck et al.,Plant Molec. Biol. 21: 673 (1993), who provide the nucleotide sequenceof the parsley ubi4-2 polyubiquitin gene.

(K) A molecule that stimulates signal transduction. For example, see thedisclosure by Botella et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 24: 757 (1994), ofnucleotide sequences for mung bean calmodulin cDNA clones, and Griess etal., Plant Physiol. 104: 1467 (1994), who provide the nucleotidesequence of a maize calmodulin cDNA clone.

(L) A hydrophobic moment peptide. See PCT application WO95/16776(disclosure of peptide derivatives of Tachyplesin which inhibit fungalplant pathogens) and PCT application WO95/18855 (teaches syntheticantimicrobial peptides that confer disease resistance), the respectivecontents of which are hereby incorporated by reference for this purpose.

(M) A membrane permease, a channel former or a channel blocker. Forexample, see the disclosure by Jaynes et al., Plant Sci. 89: 43 (1993),of heterologous expression of a cecropin-β lytic peptide analog torender transgenic tobacco plants resistant to Pseudomonas solanacearum.

(N) A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived therefrom. Forexample, the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plantcells imparts resistance to viral infection and/or disease developmenteffected by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived, aswell as by related viruses. See Beachy et al., Ann. Rev. Phytopathol.28: 451 (1990). Coat protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upontransformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus,tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco etchvirus, tobacco rattle virus and tobacco mosaic virus. Id.

(O) An insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived therefrom.Thus, an antibody targeted to a critical metabolic function in theinsect gut would inactivate an affected enzyme, killing the insect. Cf.Taylor et al., Abstract #497, SEVENTH INT'L SYMPOSIUM ON MOLECULARPLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS (Edinburgh, Scotland, 1994) (enzymaticinactivation in transgenic tobacco via production of single-chainantibody fragments).

(P) A virus-specific antibody. See, for example, Tavladoraki et al.,Nature 366: 469 (1993), who show that transgenic plants expressingrecombinant antibody genes are protected from virus attack.

(Q) A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a pathogenor a parasite. Thus, fungal endo α-1,4-D-polygalacturonases facilitatefungal colonization and plant nutrient release by solubilizing plantcell wall homo-α-1,4-D-galacturonase. See Lamb et al., Bio/Technology10: 1436 (1992). The cloning and characterization of a gene whichencodes a bean endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein is described byToubart et al., Plant J. 2: 367 (1992).

(R) A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a plant. Forexample, Logemann et al., Bio/Technology 10: 305 (1992), have shown thattransgenic plants expressing the barley ribosome-inactivating gene havean increased resistance to fungal disease.

(S) Genes involved in the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) Responseand/or the pathogenesis related genes. Briggs, S., Current Biology, 5(2)(1995).

(T) Antifungal genes (Cornelissen and Melchers, PI. Physiol.101:709-712, (1993) and Parijs et al., Planta 183:258-264, (1991) andBushnell et al., Can. J. of Plant Path. 20(2):137-149 (1998).

2. Transgenes That Confer Resistance To A Herbicide, For Example:

(A) A herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem, such as animidazolinone or a sulfonylurea. Exemplary genes in this category codefor mutant ALS and AHAS enzyme as described, for example, by Lee et al.,EMBO J. 7: 1241 (1988), and Miki et al., Theor. Appl. Genet 80: 449(1990), respectively. See also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,605,011; 5,013,659;5,141,870; 5,767,361; 5,731,180; 5,304,732; 4,761,373; 5,331,107;5,928,937; and 5,378,824; and international publication WO 96/33270,which are incorporated herein by reference for this purpose.

(B) Glyphosate (resistance imparted by mutant5-enolpyruvl-3-phosphikimate synthase (EPSP) and aroA genes,respectively) and other phosphono compounds such as glufosinate(phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) and Streptomyceshygroscopicus phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) genes), andpyridinoxy or phenoxy proprionic acids and cycloshexones (ACCaseinhibitor-encoding genes). See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 toShah et al., which discloses the nucleotide sequence of a form of EPSPSwhich can confer glyphosate resistance. U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,061 to Barryet al. also describes genes encoding EPSPS enzymes. See also U.S. Pat.Nos. 6,248,876 B1; 6,040,497; 5,804,425; 5,633,435; 5,145,783;4,971,908; 5,312,910; 5,188,642; 4,940,835; 5,866,775; 6,225,114 B1;6,130,366; 5,310,667; 4,535,060; 4,769,061; 5,633,448; 5,510,471; Re.36,449; RE 37,287 E; and 5,491,288; and international publications WO97/04103; WO 97/04114; WO 00/66746; WO 01/66704; WO 00/66747 and WO00/66748, which are incorporated herein by reference for this purpose.Glyphosate resistance is also imparted to plants that express a genethat encodes a glyphosate oxido-reductase enzyme as described more fullyin U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,776,760 and 5,463,175, which are incorporated hereinby reference for this purpose. In addition glyphosate resistance can beimparted to plants by the over expression of genes encoding glyphosateN-acetyltransferase. See, for example, U.S. Application Ser. Nos.60/244,385; 60/377,175 and 60/377,719. A DNA molecule encoding a mutantaroA gene can be obtained under ATCC accession No. 39256, and thenucleotide sequence of the mutant gene is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,769,061 to Comai. European patent application No. 0 333 033 to Kumadaet al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,374 to Goodman et al. disclose nucleotidesequences of glutamine synthetase genes which confer resistance toherbicides such as L-phosphinothricin. The nucleotide sequence of aphosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase gene is provided in European patentNo. 0 242 246 and 0 242 236 to Leemans et al. De Greef et al.,Bio/Technology 7: 61 (1989), describe the production of transgenicplants that express chimeric bar genes coding for phosphinothricinacetyl transferase activity. See also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,969,213;5,489,520; 5,550,318; 5,874,265; 5,919,675; 5,561,236; 5,648,477;5,646,024; 6,177,616 B1; and 5,879,903, which are incorporated herein byreference for this purpose. Exemplary of genes conferring resistance tophenoxy proprionic acids and cycloshexones, such as sethoxydim andhaloxyfop, are the Acc1-S1, Acc1-S2 and Acc1-S3 genes described byMarshall et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 435 (1992).

(C) A herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis, such as a triazine (psbAand gs+ genes) and a benzonitrile (nitrilase gene). Przibilla et al.,Plant Cell 3: 169 (1991), describe the transformation of Chlamydomonaswith plasmids encoding mutant psbA genes. Nucleotide sequences fornitrilase genes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648 to Stalker, andDNA molecules containing these genes are available under ATCC AccessionNos. 53435, 67441 and 67442. Cloning and expression of DNA coding for aglutathione S-transferase is described by Hayes et al., Biochem. J. 285:173 (1992).

(D) Acetohydroxy acid synthase, which has been found to make plants thatexpress this enzyme resistant to multiple types of herbicides, has beenintroduced into a variety of plants (see, e.g., Hattori et al. (1995)Mol Gen Genet 246:419). Other genes that confer tolerance to herbicidesinclude: a gene encoding a chimeric protein of rat cytochrome P4507A1and yeast NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Shiota et al. (1994)Plant PhysiolPlant Physiol 106:17), genes for glutathione reductase andsuperoxide dismutase (Aono et al. (1995) Plant Cell Physiol 36:1687, andgenes for various phosphotransferases (Datta et al. (1992) Plant MolBiol 20:619).

(E) Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox) is necessary for the productionof chlorophyll, which is necessary for all plant survival. The protoxenzyme serves as the target for a variety of herbicidal compounds. Theseherbicides also inhibit growth of all the different species of plantspresent, causing their total destruction. The development of plantscontaining altered protox activity which are resistant to theseherbicides are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,288,306 B1; 6,282,837 B1;and 5,767,373; and international publication WO 01/12825, which areincorporated herein by reference for this purpose.

3. Transgenes That Confer Or Contribute To A Grain Trait, Such As:

(A) Modified fatty acid metabolism, for example, by transforming a plantwith an antisense gene of stearoyl-ACP desaturase to increase stearicacid content of the plant. See Knultzon et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA 89: 2624 (1992).

(B) Decreased phytate content

-   -   (1) Introduction of a phytase-encoding gene would enhance        breakdown of phytate, adding more free phosphate to the        transformed plant. For example, see Van Hartingsveldt et al.,        Gene 127: 87 (1993), for a disclosure of the nucleotide sequence        of an Aspergillus niger phytase gene.    -   (2) A gene could be introduced that reduces phytate content. In        maize, this, for example, could be accomplished, by cloning and        then reintroducing DNA associated with the single allele which        is responsible for maize mutants characterized by low levels of        phytic acid. See Raboy et al., Maydica 35: 383 (1990).

(C) Modified carbohydrate composition effected, for example, bytransforming plants with a gene coding for an enzyme that alters thebranching pattern of starch. See Shiroza et al., J. Bacteriol. 170: 810(1988) (nucleotide sequence of Streptococcus mutans fructosyltransferasegene), Steinmetz et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 200: 220 (1985) (nucleotidesequence of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene), Pen et al.,Bio/Technology 10: 292 (1992) (production of transgenic plants thatexpress Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase), Elliot et al, Plant Molec.Biol. 21: 515 (1993) (nucleotide sequences of tomato invertase genes),Søgaard et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268: 22480 (1993) (site-directedmutagenesis of barley α-amylase gene), and Fisher et al., Plant Physiol.102: 1045 (1993) (maize endosperm starch branching enzyme II).

(D) Elevated oleic acid via FAD-2 gene modification and/or decreasedlinolenic acid via FAD-3 gene modification (see U.S. Pat. Nos.6,063,947; 6,323,392; and WO 93/11245).

4. Genes that Control Male-sterility

(A) Introduction of a deacetylase gene under the control of atapetum-specific promoter and with the application of the chemicalN-Ac-PPT (WO 01/29237).

(B) Introduction of various stamen-specific promoters (WO 92/13956, WO92/13957).

(C) Introduction of the barnase and the barstar gene (Paul et al. PlantMol. Biol. 19:611622, 1992).

PH890 Inbreds That Are Male Sterile

Hybrid seed production requires elimination or inactivation of pollenproduced by the female inbred parent. Incomplete removal or inactivationof the pollen provides the potential for self-pollination. A reliablemethod of controlling male fertility in plants offers the opportunityfor improved plant breeding. This is especially true for development ofmaize hybrids, which relies upon some sort of male sterility system. Itshould be understood that PH890 can be produced in a male-sterile form.There are several ways in which a maize plant can be manipulated so thatit is male sterile. These include use of manual or mechanicalemasculation (or detasseling), use of one or more genetic factors thatconfer male sterility, including cytoplasmic genetic and/or nucleargenetic male sterility, use of gametocides and the like. A male sterileinbred designated PH890 may include one or more genetic factors, whichresult in cytoplasmic genetic and/or nuclear genetic male sterility.Such embodiments are also within the scope of the present claims. Theterm manipulated to be male sterile refers to the use of any availabletechniques to produce a male sterile version of maize line PH890. Themale sterility may be either partial or complete male sterility.

Hybrid maize seed is often produced by a male sterility systemincorporating manual or mechanical detasseling. Alternate strips of twomaize inbreds are planted in a field, and the pollen-bearing tassels areremoved from one of the inbreds (female). Provided that there issufficient isolation from sources of foreign maize pollen, the ears ofthe detasseled inbred will be fertilized only from the other inbred(male), and the resulting seed is therefore hybrid and will form hybridplants.

The laborious detasseling process can be avoided by using cytoplasmicmale-sterile (CMS) inbreds. Plants of a CMS inbred are male sterile as aresult of factors resulting from the cytoplasmic, as opposed to thenuclear, genome. Thus, this characteristic is inherited exclusivelythrough the female parent in maize plants, since only the femaleprovides cytoplasm to the fertilized seed. CMS plants are fertilizedwith pollen from another inbred that is not male-sterile. Pollen fromthe second inbred may or may not contribute genes that make the hybridplants male-fertile, and either option may be preferred depending on theintended use of the hybrid. The same hybrid seed, a portion producedfrom detasseled fertile maize and a portion produced using the CMSsystem, can be blended to insure that adequate pollen loads areavailable for fertilization when the hybrid plants are grown.

There are several methods of conferring genetic male sterilityavailable, such as multiple mutant genes at separate locations withinthe genome that confer male sterility, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,654,465 and 4,727,219 to Brar et al. and chromosomal translocations asdescribed by Patterson in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,861,709 and 3,710,511. Inaddition to these methods, Albertsen et al., of Pioneer Hi-Bred, U.S.Pat. No. 5,432,068, have developed a system of nuclear male sterilitywhich includes: identifying a gene which is critical to male fertility;silencing this native gene which is critical to male fertility; removingthe native promoter from the essential male fertility gene and replacingit with an inducible promoter; inserting this genetically engineeredgene back into the plant; and thus creating a plant that is male sterilebecause the inducible promoter is not “on” resulting in the malefertility gene not being transcribed. Fertility is restored by inducing,or turning “on”, the promoter, which in turn allows the gene thatconfers male fertility to be transcribed.

These, and the other methods of conferring genetic male sterility in theart, each possess their own benefits and drawbacks. Some other methodsuse a variety of approaches such as delivering into the plant a geneencoding a cytotoxic substance associated with a male tissue specificpromoter or an antisense system in which a gene critical to fertility isidentified and an antisense to that gene is inserted in the plant (see:Fabinjanski, et al. EPO 89/3010153.8 publication no. 329,308 and PCTapplication PCT/CA90/00037 published as WO 90/08828).

Another system for controlling male sterility makes use of gametocides.Gametocides are not a genetic system, but rather a topical applicationof chemicals. These chemicals affect cells that are critical to malefertility. The application of these chemicals affects fertility in theplants only for the growing season in which the gametocide is applied(see Carlson, Glenn R., U.S. Pat. No. 4,936,904). Application of thegametocide, timing of the application and genotype specificity oftenlimit the usefulness of the approach and it is not appropriate in allsituations.

Incomplete control over male fertility may result in self-pollinatedseed being unintentionally harvested and packaged with hybrid seed. Themale parent is grown next to the female parent in the field, so there isthe very low probability that the male selfed seed could beunintentionally harvested and packaged with the hybrid seed. Once theseed from the hybrid bag is planted, it is possible to identify andselect these self-pollinated plants. These self-pollinated plants willbe genetically equivalent to one of the inbred lines used to produce thehybrid. Though the possibility of inbreds being included hybrid seedbags exists, the occurrence is very low because much care is taken toavoid such inclusions. It is worth noting that hybrid seed is sold togrowers for the production of grain or forage and not for breeding orseed production.

These self-pollinated plants can be identified and selected by oneskilled in the art due to their decreased vigor when compared to thehybrid. Inbreds are identified by their less vigorous appearance forvegetative and/or reproductive characteristics, including shorter plantheight, small ear size, ear and kernel shape, cob color, or othercharacteristics.

Identification of these self-pollinated lines can also be accomplishedthrough molecular marker analyses. See, “The Identification of FemaleSelfs in Hybrid Maize: A Comparison Using Electrophoresis andMorphology”, Smith, J. S. C. and Wych, R. D., Seed Science andTechnology 14, pp. 1-8 (1995), the disclosure of which is expresslyincorporated herein by reference. Through these technologies, thehomozygosity of the self pollinated line can be verified by analyzingallelic composition at various loci along the genome. Those methodsallow for rapid identification of the invention disclosed herein. Seealso, “Identification of Atypical Plants in Hybrid Maize Seed byPostcontrol and Electrophoresis” Sarca, V. et al., Probleme de GeneticaTeoritica si Aplicata Vol. 20 (1) p. 29-42. Development of maize hybridsusing PH890

A single cross maize hybrid results from the cross of two inbred lines,each of which has a genotype that complements the genotype of the other.The hybrid progeny of the first generation is designated F1. In thedevelopment of commercial hybrids in a maize plant breeding program,only the F1 hybrid plants are sought. F1 hybrids are more vigorous thantheir inbred parents. This hybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifestedin many polygenic traits, including increased vegetative growth andincreased yield.

PH890 may be used to produce hybrid maize seed. One such embodiment isthe method of crossing inbred maize line PH890 with another maize plant,such as a different maize inbred line, to form a first generation F1hybrid plant. The first generation F1 hybrid plant produced by thismethod is also an embodiment of the invention. This first generation F1plant will comprise an essentially complete set of the alleles of inbredline PH890. One of ordinary skill in the art can utilize either breederbooks or molecular methods to identify a particular F1 hybrid plantproduced using inbred line PH890, and any such individual plant is alsoencompassed by this invention. These embodiments also cover use of thesemethods with transgenic, male sterile and/or backcross conversions ofinbred line PH890.

The development of a maize hybrid in a maize plant breeding programinvolves three steps: (1) the selection of plants from various germplasmpools for initial breeding crosses; (2) the selfing of the selectedplants from the breeding crosses for several generations to produce aseries of inbred lines, which, although different from each other, breedtrue and are highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lineswith different inbred lines to produce the hybrids. During theinbreeding process in maize, the vigor of the lines decreases. Vigor isrestored when two different inbred lines are crossed to produce thehybrid. An important consequence of the homozygosity and homogeneity ofthe inbred lines is that the hybrid between a defined pair of inbredswill always be the same. Once the inbreds that give a superior hybridhave been identified, the hybrid seed can be reproduced indefinitely aslong as the homogeneity of the inbred parents is maintained.

PH890 may be used to produce a single cross hybrid, a three-way hybridor a double cross hybrid. A single cross hybrid is produced when twoinbred lines are crossed to produce the F1 progeny. A double crosshybrid is produced from four inbred lines crossed in pairs (A×B and C×D)and then the two F1 hybrids are crossed again (A×B)×(C×D). A three-waycross hybrid is produced from three inbred lines where two of the inbredlines are crossed (A×B) and then the resulting F1 hybrid is crossed withthe third inbred (A×B)×C. Much of the hybrid vigor and uniformityexhibited by F1 hybrids is lost in the next generation (F2).Consequently, seed produced from hybrids is not used for planting stock.

Inbred by Tester Comparisons

Combining ability of a line, as well as the performance of the line perse, is a factor in the selection of improved maize inbreds. Combiningability refers to a line's contribution as a parent when crossed withother lines to form hybrids. The hybrids formed for the purpose ofselecting superior lines are designated as test crosses. One way ofmeasuring combining ability is by using values based in part on theoverall mean of a number of test crosses. This mean may be adjusted toremove environmental effects and it is adjusted for known geneticrelationships among the lines.

Combining Ability Data

A general combining ability report for inbred PH890 is provided in Table5. Table 5 shows overall mean values of traits from numerous F1 linesproduced by crosses between inbred PH890 and other maize lines. Table 5demonstrates that inbred PH890 shows good general combining ability forhybrid production.

A specific combining ability report for inbred PH890 is provided inTables 5A and 5B. Tables 5A and 5B show mean values of traits fromnumerous individual F1 lines produced by crosses between PH890 and othermaize lines.

Hybrid Comparisons

The results in Tables 6A-6D compare a hybrid for which inbred PH890 is aparent and four other hybrids.

Using PH890 to Develop Other Maize Inbreds

Inbred maize lines are typically developed for use in the production ofhybrid maize lines. However, PH890 could also be used to derive newmaize inbred lines. Inbred maize lines preferably should be highlyhomogeneous, substantially homozygous and reproducible to be useful asparents of commercial hybrids. Plant breeding techniques known in theart and used in a maize plant breeding program include, but are notlimited to, recurrent selection, mass selection, bulk selection, massselection, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, open pollination breeding,restriction fragment length polymorphism enhanced selection, geneticmarker enhanced selection, making double haploids, and transformation.Often combinations of these techniques are used. The development ofmaize hybrids in a maize plant breeding program requires, in general,the development of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these lines,and the evaluation of the crosses. There are many analytical methodsavailable to evaluate the result of a cross. The oldest and mosttraditional method of analysis is the observation of phenotypic traits.Alternatively, the genotype of a plant can be examined.

Using PH890 In A Breeding Program

This invention is directed to methods for producing a maize plant bycrossing a first parent maize plant with a second parent maize plantwherein either the first or second parent maize plant is an inbred maizeplant of the line PH890. Thus, any such methods using the inbred maizeline PH890 are part of this invention: selfing, sibbing, backcrosses,mass selection, bulk selection, hybrid production, crosses topopulations, and the like. All plants produced using inbred maize linePH890 as a parent are within the scope of this invention, includingplants essentially derived from inbred maize line PH890, as such term isdefined in 7 U.S.C. § 2104(a)(3) of the Plant Variety Protection Act,which definition is hereby incorporated by reference. This also includesprogeny plants and parts thereof with at least one ancestor that isPH890, and more specifically, where the pedigree of the progeny includes1, 2, 3, 4, and/or 5 or less breeding crosses to a maize plant otherthan PH890 or a plant that has PH890 as a parent or other progenitor.All breeders of ordinary skill in the art maintain pedigree records oftheir breeding programs. These pedigree records contain a detaileddescription of the breeding process, including a listing of all parentallines used in the breeding process and information on how such line wasused. Thus, a breeder would know if PH890 were used in the developmentof a progeny line, and would also know how many crosses to a line otherthan PH890 or line with PH890 as a parent or other progenitor were madein the development of any progeny line. The inbred maize line may alsobe used in crosses with other, different, maize inbreds to produce firstgeneration (F1) maize hybrid seeds and plants with superiorcharacteristics.

Pedigree Breeding

Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two genotypes, such asPH890 and one other elite inbred line having one or more desirablecharacteristics that is lacking or which complements PH890. If the twooriginal parents do not provide all the desired characteristics, othersources can be included in the breeding population. In the pedigreemethod, superior plants are selfed and selected in successive filialgenerations. In the succeeding filial generations the heterozygouscondition gives way to homogeneous lines as a result of self-pollinationand selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breeding, five ormore successive filial generations of selfing and selection ispracticed: F1→F2; F2→F3; F3→F4; F4→F₅, etc. After a sufficient amount ofinbreeding, successive filial generations will serve to increase seed ofthe developed inbred. Preferably, an inbred line comprises homozygousalleles at about 95% or more of its loci.

Backcrossing

In addition to being used to create a backcross conversion, backcrossingcan also be used to modify PH890 and a hybrid that is made using themodified PH890. As discussed previously, backcrossing can be used totransfer a specific desirable trait from one line, the donor parent, toan inbred called the recurrent parent which has overall good agronomiccharacteristics yet lacks that desirable trait. This transfer of thedesirable trait into an inbred with overall good agronomiccharacteristics can be accomplished by first crossing a recurrent parentand a donor parent (non-recurrent parent). The progeny of this cross isthen mated back to the recurrent parent followed by selection in theresultant progeny for the desired trait to be transferred from thenon-recurrent parent as well as selection for the characteristics of therecurrent parent. Typically after four or more backcross generationswith selection for the desired trait and the characteristics of therecurrent parent, the progeny will contain essentially all genes of therecurrent parent except for the genes controlling the desired trait.However, the number of backcross generations can be less if molecularmarkers are used during selection or elite germplasm is used as thedonor parent. The last backcross generation is then selfed to give purebreeding progeny for the gene(s) being transferred. In addition to theabove described use, backcrossing can be used in conjunction withpedigree breeding to develop new inbred lines. For example, an F1 can becreated that is backcrossed to one of its parent lines to create a BC1,BC2, BC3, etc. Progeny are selfed and selected so that the newlydeveloped inbred has many of the attributes of the recurrent parent andsome of the desired attributes of the non-recurrent parent. Thisapproach leverages the value and strengths of the recurrent parent foruse in new hybrids and breeding, and has very significant value for abreeder.

Recurrent Selection and Mass Selection

Recurrent selection is a method used in a plant breeding program toimprove a population of plants. PH890 can be used in a recurrentselection program to improve the population. The method entailsindividual plants cross pollinating with each other to form progenywhich are then grown. The superior progeny are then selected by anynumber of methods, which include individual plant, half-sib progeny,full-sib progeny, selfed progeny and topcrossing. The selected progenyare cross pollinated with each other to form progeny for anotherpopulation. This population is planted and again superior plants areselected to cross pollinate with each other. Recurrent selection is acyclical process and therefore can be repeated as many times as desired.The objective of recurrent selection is to improve the traits of apopulation. The improved population can then be used as a source ofbreeding material to obtain inbred lines to be used in hybrids or usedas parents for a synthetic cultivar. A synthetic cultivar is theresultant progeny formed by the intercrossing of several selectedinbreds. Mass selection is a useful technique when used in conjunctionwith molecular marker enhanced selection. In mass selection seeds fromindividuals are selected based on phenotype. These selected seeds arethen bulked and used to grow the next generation. Similarly, bulkselection requires growing a population of plants in a bulk plot,allowing the plants to self-pollinate, harvesting the seed in bulk andthen using a sample of the seed harvested in bulk to plant the nextgeneration. Also, instead of directed pollination, open pollinationcould be used as part of the breeding program.

Mutation Breeding

Mutation breeding is one of many methods that could be used to introducenew traits into PH890. Mutations that occur spontaneously or areartificially induced can be useful sources of variability for a plantbreeder. The goal of artificial mutagenesis is to increase the rate ofmutation for a desired characteristic. Mutation rates can be increasedby many different means including temperature, long-term seed storage,tissue culture conditions, radiation; such as X-rays, Gamma rays (e.g.cobalt 60 or cesium 137), neutrons, (product of nuclear fission byuranium 235 in an atomic reactor), Beta radiation (emitted fromradioisotopes such as phosphorus 32 or carbon 14), or ultravioletradiation (preferably from 2500 to 2900 nm), or chemical mutagens (suchas base analogues (5-bromo-uracil), related compounds (8-ethoxycaffeine), antibiotics (streptonigrin), alkylating agents (sulfurmustards, nitrogen mustards, epoxides, ethylenamines, sulfates,sulfonates, sulfones, lactones), azide, hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, oracridines. Once a desired trait is observed through mutagenesis thetrait may then be incorporated into existing germplasm by traditionalbreeding techniques. Details of mutation breeding can be found in“Principals of Cultivar Development” Fehr, 1993 Macmillan PublishingCompany the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Breeding with Molecular Markers

Molecular markers, which includes markers identified through the use oftechniques such as Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment LengthPolymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs),Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA AmplificationFingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs),Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats(SSRs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), may be used in plantbreeding methods utilizing PH890.

Isozyme Electrophoresis and RFLPs as discussed in Lee, M., “Inbred Linesof Maize and Their Molecular Markers,” The Maize Handbook,(Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. 1994, at 423-432) incorporated hereinby reference for this purpose, have been widely used to determinegenetic composition. Isozyme Electrophoresis has a relatively low numberof available markers and a low number of allelic variants among maizeinbreds. RFLPs allow more discrimination because they have a higherdegree of allelic variation in maize and a larger number of markers canbe found. Both of these methods have been eclipsed by SSRs as discussedin Smith et al., “An evaluation of the utility of SSR loci as molecularmarkers in maize (Zea mays L.): comparisons with data from RFLPs andpedigree”, Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1997) vol. 95 at 163-173and by Pejic et al., “Comparative analysis of genetic similarity amongmaize inbreds detected by RFLPs, RAPDs, SSRs, and AFLPs,” Theoreticaland Applied Genetics (1998) at 1248-1255 incorporated herein byreference. SSR technology is more efficient and practical to use thanRFLPs; more marker loci can be routinely used and more alleles permarker locus can be found using SSRs in comparison to RFLPs. SingleNucleotide Polymorphisms may also be used to identify the unique geneticcomposition of the invention and progeny lines retaining that uniquegenetic composition. Various molecular marker techniques may be used incombination to enhance overall resolution.

Maize DNA molecular marker linkage maps have been rapidly constructedand widely implemented in genetic studies. One such study is describedin Boppenmaier, et al., “Comparisons among strains of inbreds forRFLPs”. Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter, 65:1991, pg. 90, isincorporated herein by reference.

One use of molecular markers is Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping.QTL mapping is the use of markers, which are known to be closely linkedto alleles that have measurable effects on a quantitative trait.Selection in the breeding process is based upon the accumulation ofmarkers linked to the positive effecting alleles and/or the eliminationof the markers linked to the negative effecting alleles from the plant'sgenome.

Molecular markers can also be used during the breeding process for theselection of qualitative traits. For example, markers closely linked toalleles or markers containing sequences within the actual alleles ofinterest can be used to select plants that contain the alleles ofinterest during a backcrossing breeding program. The markers can also beused to select for the genome of the recurrent parent and against thegenome of the donor parent. Using this procedure can minimize the amountof genome from the donor parent that remains in the selected plants. Itcan also be used to reduce the number of crosses back to the recurrentparent needed in a backcrossing program. The use of molecular markers inthe selection process is often called genetic marker enhanced selection.

Production of Double Haploids

The production of double haploids can also be used for the developmentof inbreds in the breeding program. An F1 hybrid for which PH890 is aparent can be used to produce double haploid plants. Double haploids areproduced by the doubling of a set of chromosomes (1 N) from aheterozygous plant to produce a completely homozygous individual. Forexample, see Wan et al., “Efficient Production of Doubled Haploid PlantsThrough Colchicine Treatment of Anther-Derived Maize Callus”,Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 77:889-892, 1989. This can beadvantageous because the process omits the generations of selfing neededto obtain a homozygous plant from a heterozygous source.

Use Of PH890 In Tissue Culture

This invention is also directed to the use of PH890 in tissue culture.As used herein, the term “tissue culture” includes plant protoplasts,plant cell tissue culture, cultured microspores, plant calli, plantclumps, and the like. As used herein, phrases such as “growing the seed”or “grown from the seed” include embryo rescue, isolation of cells fromseed for use in tissue culture, as well as traditional growing methods.

Duncan, Williams, Zehr, and Widholm, Planta (1985) 165:322-332 reflectsthat 97% of the plants cultured that produced callus were capable ofplant regeneration. Subsequent experiments with both inbreds and hybridsproduced 91% regenerable callus that produced plants. In a further studyin 1988, Songstad, Duncan & Widholm in Plant Cell Reports (1988),7:262-265 reports several media additions that enhance regenerability ofcallus of two inbred lines. Other published reports also indicated that“nontraditional” tissues are capable of producing somatic embryogenesisand plant regeneration. K. P. Rao, et al., Maize Genetics CooperationNewsletter, 60:64-65 (1986), refers to somatic embryogenesis from glumecallus cultures and B. V. Conger, et al., Plant Cell Reports, 6:345-347(1987) indicates somatic embryogenesis from the tissue cultures of maizeleaf segments. Thus, it is clear from the literature that the state ofthe art is such that these methods of obtaining plants are, and were,“conventional” in the sense that they are routinely used and have a veryhigh rate of success.

Tissue culture of maize, including tassel/anther culture, is describedin U.S. 2002/0062506A1 and European Patent Application, publication160,390, each of which are incorporated herein by reference for thispurpose. Maize tissue culture procedures are also described in Green andRhodes, “Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture of Maize,” Maize forBiological Research (Plant Molecular Biology Association,Charlottesville, Va. 1982, at 367-372) and in Duncan, et al., “TheProduction of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryosof Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes,” 165 Planta 322-332 (1985). Thus,another aspect of this invention is to provide cells which upon growthand differentiation produce maize plants having the genotype and/orphysiological and morphological characteristics of inbred line PH890.

Progeny of the breeding methods described herein may be characterized inany number of ways, such as by traits retained in the progeny, pedigreeand/or molecular markers. Using the breeding methods described herein,one can develop individual plants, plant cells, and populations ofplants that retain at least 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 61%,62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%.76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%,90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 99.5% geneticcontribution from inbred line PH890. In pedigree analysis the percentagegenetic contribution may not be actually known, but on average 50% ofthe starting germplasm would be expected to be passed to the progenyline after one cross to another line, 25% after another cross to adifferent line, and so on. With backcrossing, the expected contributionof PH890 after 2, 3, 4 and 5 doses (or 1, 2, 3 and 4 backcrosses) wouldbe 75%, 87.5%, 93.75% and 96.875% respectively. Actual geneticcontribution may be much higher than the genetic contribution expectedby pedigree, especially if molecular markers are used in selection.Molecular markers could also be used to confirm and/or determine thepedigree of the progeny line.

Specific methods and products produced using inbred line PH890 in plantbreeding are discussed in the following sections. The methods outlinedare described in detail by way of illustration and example for purposesof clarity and understanding. However, it will be obvious that certainchanges and modifications may be practiced within the scope of theinvention.

One method for producing a line derived from inbred line PH890 is asfollows. One of ordinary skill in the art would produce or obtain a seedfrom the cross between inbred line PH890 and another variety of maize,such as an elite inbred variety. The F1 seed derived from this crosswould be grown to form a homogeneous population. The F1 seed wouldcontain essentially all of the alleles from variety PH890 andessentially all of the alleles from the other maize variety. The F1nuclear genome would be made-up of 50% variety PH890 and 50% of theother elite variety. The F1 seed would be grown and allowed to self,thereby forming F2 seed. On average the F2 seed would have derived 50%of its alleles from variety PH890 and 50% from the other maize variety,but many individual plants from the population would have a greaterpercentage of their alleles derived from PH890 (Wang J. and R. Bernardo,2000, Crop Sci. 40:659-665 and Bernardo, R. and A. L. Kahler, 2001,Theor. Appl. Genet 102:986-992). The molecular markers of PH890 could beused to select and retain those lines with high similarity to PH890. TheF2 seed would be grown and selection of plants would be made based onvisual observation, markers and/or measurement of traits. The traitsused for selection may be any PH890 trait described in thisspecification, including the inbred per se maize PH890 traits describedherein under the detailed description of inbred PH890. Such traits mayalso be the good general or specific combining ability of PH890,including its ability to produce hybrids with the approximate maturityand/or hybrid combination traits described herein in under the detaileddescription of inbred PH890. The PH890 progeny plants that exhibit oneor more of the desired PH890 traits, such as those listed herein, wouldbe selected and each plant would be harvested separately. This F3 seedfrom each plant would be grown in individual rows and allowed to self.Then selected rows or plants from the rows would be harvestedindividually. The selections would again be based on visual observation,markers and/or measurements for desirable traits of the plants, such asone or more of the desirable PH890 traits listed herein. The process ofgrowing and selection would be repeated any number of times until aPH890 progeny inbred plant is obtained. The PH890 progeny inbred plantwould contain desirable traits derived from inbred plant PH890, some ofwhich may not have been expressed by the other maize variety to whichinbred line PH890 was crossed and some of which may have been expressedby both maize varieties but now would be at a level equal to or greaterthan the level expressed in inbred variety PH890. However, in each casethe resulting progeny line would benefit from the efforts of theinventor(s), and would not have existed but for the inventor(s) work increating PH890. The PH890 progeny inbred plants would have, on average,50% of their nuclear genes derived from inbred line PH890, but manyindividual plants from the population would have a greater percentage oftheir alleles derived from PH890. This breeding cycle, of crossing andselfing, and optional selection, may be repeated to produce anotherpopulation of PH890 progeny maize plants with, on average, 25% of theirnuclear genes derived from inbred line PH890, but, again, manyindividual plants from the population would have a greater percentage oftheir alleles derived from PH890. Another embodiment of the invention isa PH890 progeny plant that has received the desirable PH890 traitslisted herein through the use of PH890, which traits were not exhibitedby other plants used in the breeding process.

The previous example can be modified in numerous ways, for instanceselection may or may not occur at every selfing generation, selectionmay occur before or after the actual self-pollination process occurs, orindividual selections may be made by harvesting individual ears, plants,rows or plots at any point during the breeding process described. Inaddition, double haploid breeding methods may be used at any step in theprocess. The population of plants produced at each and any cycle ofbreeding is also an embodiment of the invention, and on average eachsuch population would predictably consist of plants containingapproximately 50% of its genes from inbred line PH890 in the firstbreeding cycle, 25% of its genes from inbred line PH890 in the secondbreeding cycle, 12.5% of its genes from inbred line PH890 in the thirdbreeding cycle and so on. However, in each case the use of PH890provides a substantial benefit. The linkage groups of PH890 would beretained in the progeny lines, and since current estimates of the maizegenome size is about 50,000-80,000 genes (Xiaowu, Gai et al., NucleicAcids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 1, 94-96), in addition to non-codingDNA that impacts gene expression, it provides a significant advantage touse PH890 as starting material to produce a line that retains desiredgenetics or traits of PH890.

Another embodiment of this invention is the method of obtaining asubstantially homozygous PH890 progeny plant by obtaining a seed fromthe cross of PH890 and another maize plant and applying double haploidmethods to the F1 seed or F1 plant or to any successive filialgeneration. Such methods decrease the number of generations required toproduce an inbred with similar genetics or characteristics to PH890. SeeBernardo, R. and Kahler, A. L., Theor. Appl. Genet. 102:986-992, 2001.

The utility of inbred maize line PH890 also extends to crosses withother species. Commonly, suitable species will be of the familyGraminaceae, and especially of the genera Zea, Tripsacum, Coix,Schlerachne, Polytoca, Chionachne, and Trilobachne, of the tribeMaydeae. Potentially suitable for crosses with PH890 may be the variousvarieties of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

As is readily apparent to one skilled in the art, the foregoing are onlysome of the various ways by which the inbred can be obtained by thoselooking to use the germplasm. Other means are available, and the aboveexamples are illustrative only.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Maize is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw material inindustry. The food uses of maize, in addition to human consumption ofmaize kernels, include both products of dry- and wet-milling industries.The principal products of maize dry milling are grits, meal and flour.The maize wet-milling industry can provide maize starch, maize syrups,and dextrose for food use. Maize oil is recovered from maize germ, whichis a by-product of both dry- and wet-milling industries.

Maize, including both grain and non-grain portions of the plant, is alsoused extensively as livestock feed, primarily for beef cattle, dairycattle, hogs, and poultry.

Industrial uses of maize include production of ethanol, maize starch inthe wet-milling industry and maize flour in the dry-milling industry.The industrial applications of maize starch and flour are based onfunctional properties, such as viscosity, film formation, adhesiveproperties, and ability to suspend particles. The maize starch and flourhave application in the paper and textile industries. Other industrialuses include applications in adhesives, building materials, foundrybinders, laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other miningapplications.

Plant parts other than the grain of maize are also used in industry: forexample, stalks and husks are made into paper and wallboard and cobs areused for fuel and to make charcoal.

The seed of inbred maize line PH890, the plant produced from the inbredseed, the hybrid maize plant produced from the crossing of the inbred,hybrid seed, and various parts of the hybrid maize plant and transgenicversions of the foregoing, can be utilized for human food, livestockfeed, and as a raw material in industry.

Deposits

Applicants have made a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Inbred MaizeLine PH890 with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas,Va. 20110 USA, ATCC Deposit No. PTA-4870. The seeds deposited with theATCC on Dec. 23, 2002 were taken from the deposit maintained by PioneerHi-Bred International, Inc., 800 Capital Square, 400 Locust Street, DesMoines, Iowa 50309-2340 since prior to the filing date of thisapplication. Access to this deposit will be available during thependency of the application to the Commissioner of Patents andTrademarks and persons determined by the Commissioner to be entitledthereto upon request. Upon allowance of any claims in the application,the Applicants will make the deposit available to the public pursuant to37 C.F.R. § 1.808. This deposit of the Inbred Maize Line PH890 will bemaintained in the ATCC depository, which is a public depository, for aperiod of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for theenforceable life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will bereplaced if it becomes nonviable during that period. Additionally,Applicants have satisfied all of the requirements of 37 CFR§§1.801-1.809, including providing an indication of the viability of thesample. Applicants have no authority to waive any restrictions imposedby law on the transfer of biological material or its transportation incommerce. Applicants do not waive any infringement of his rights grantedunder this patent of under the Plant Variety Protection Act (7 USC 2321et seq.). U.S. Plant Variety Protection of Inbred Maize Line PH890 hasbeen applied for under Application No. 200300224.

TABLE 1 VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION PH890 Sta. Sam. Avg. Dev Size 1.TYPE: (Describe intermediate types 3 in comments section) 1 = Sweet, 2 =Dent, 3 = Flint, 4 = Flour, 5 = Pop and 6 = Ornamental. Comments:Flint-Dent 2. MATURITY: DAYS HEAT UNITS Days H. Units From emergence to50% of plants in silk 66 1,510 From emergence to 50% of plants 64 1,452in pollen From 10% to 90% pollen shed 3   70 From 50% Silk to harvest at25% moisture 3. PLANT: Plant Height (to tassel tip) (cm) 242.6 12.89 30Ear Height (to base of top ear 84.2 10.09 30 node) (cm) Length of TopEar Internode (cm) 14.6 2.27 30 Average Number of Tillers 0.0 0.02 6 perPlant Average Number of Ears 1.0 0.06 6 per Stalk Anthocyanin of BraceRoots: 4 1 = Absent, 2 = Faint, 3 = Moderate, 4 = Dark 4. LEAF: Width ofEar Node Leaf (cm) 9.7 0.70 30 Length of Ear Node Leaf (cm) 79.6 3.75 30Number of Leaves above Top Ear 6.5 0.90 30 Leaf Angle: (measure from 2ndleaf above 20.3 4.03 30 ear at anthesis to stalk above leaf) (Degrees) *Leaf Dark Munsell 7.5GY34 color: Green code: Leaf Sheath Pubescence: 3 1= none to 9 = like peach fuzz 5. TASSEL: Number of Primary LateralBranches 4.5 1.41 30 Branch Angle from Central Spike 33.8 13.09 30Tassel Length (from top leaf collar 66.4 4.07 30 to tassel tip) (cm):Pollen Shed: 0 = male sterile, 5 9 = heavy shed * Anther Red Munsell2.5R38 Color: code: * Glume Red Munsell 2.5R28 Color: code: * Bar Glumes(glume bands): 1 1 = absent, 2 = present Peduncle Length (from top leaf26.6 3.17 30 to basal branches) (cm): 6a. EAR (Unhusked ear) * SilkLight Munsell c. 2.5GY86 color: Green (3 days after silk emergence) *Fresh Light Munsell c. 5GY68 husk Green color: (25 days after 50%silking) * Dry Buff Munsell c. 5Y8.52 husk color: (65 days after 50%silking) Ear position at dry husk stage: 1 1 = upright, 2 = horizontal,3 = pendant Husk tightness: (1 = very loose, 5 9 = very tight) Huskextension (at harvest): 2 1 = short (ears exposed), 2 = medium (<8 cm),3 = long (8-10 cm), 4 = v. long (>10 cm) 6b. EAR (Husked ear data) Earlength (cm): 17.2 1.77 30 Ear diameter at mid-point (mm) 45.8 2.23 30Ear weight (gm): 160.0 35.93 30 Number of Kernel Rows: 15.3 1.52 30Kernel Rows: 1 = indistinct, 2 = distinct 2 Row alignment: 1 = straight,2 2 = slightly curved, 3 = spiral Shank Length (cm): 7.5 1.41 30 EarTaper: 1 = slight cylind., 2 = average, 2 3 = extreme conic. 7. KERNEL(Dried): Kernel Length (mm): 12.0 0.56 30 Kernel Width (mm): 8.5 0.63 30Kernel Thickness (mm): 5.4 0.62 30 Round Kernels (shape grade) (%) 53.79.82 6 Aleurone Color pattern: 1 = homozygous, 1 2 = segregating * Aleu-Yellow Munsell 10YR814 rone c.: Color: * Hard Yellow Munsell 10YR714Endo. c.: color: Endosperm Type: 3 1 = sweet (su1), 2 = extra sweet(sh2), 3 = normal starch, 4 = high amylose starch, 5 = waxy starch, 6 =high protein, 7 = high lysine, 8 = super sweet (se), 9 = high oil, 10 =other Weight per 100 kernels (unsized sample) 35.2 1.72 6 (gm): 8.COB: * Cob Diameter at mid-point (mm): 24.9 1.21 30 * Cob Red Munsell10R38 Color: c.: 10. DISEASE RESISTANCE: (Rate from 1 = most-susceptableto 9 = most-resistant. Leave blank if not tested, leave race or strainoptions blank if polygenic.) A. LEAF BLIGHTS, WILTS, AND LOCAL INFECTIONDISEASES Anthracnose Leaf Blight (Colletotrichum graminicola) 5 CommonRust (Puccinia sorghi) Common Smut (Ustilago maydis) Eyespot (Kabatiellazeae) Gross's Wilt (Clavibacter michiganense spp. nebraskense) 6 GrayLeaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) Helminthosporium Leaf Spot (Bipolariszeicola) Race: 6 Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) Race: 8Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis) Race: 4 Southern Rust (Pucciniapolysora) 6 Stewart's Wilt (Erwinia stewartii) Other (Specify):       B.SYSTEMIC DISEASES Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV and MDMV) 8 Head Smut(Sphacelotheca reiliana) Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus (MDV) MaizeChlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV) SorghumDowny Mildew of Corn (Peronosclerospora sorghi) Other (Specify):      C. STALK ROTS 4 Anthracnose Stalk Rot (Colletotrichum graminicola)Diploidia Stalk Rot (Stenocarpella maydis) Fusarium Stalk Rot (Fusariummoniliforme) Gibberella Stalk Rot (Gibberella zeae) Other (Specify):      D. EAR AND KERNEL ROTS Aspergillus Ear and Kernel Rot (Aspergillusflavus) 4 Diplodia Ear Rot (Stenocarpella maydis) 6 Fusarium Ear andKernel Rot (Fusarium moniliforme) 9 Gibberella Ear Rot (Gibberella zeae)Other (Specify):       11. INSECT RESISTANCE: (Rate from 1 =most-suscept. to 9 = most-resist., leave blank if not tested.) Corn Worm(Helicoverpa zea) Leaf Feeding Silk Feeding Ear Damage Corn Leaf Aphid(Rophalosiphum maydis) Corn Sap Beetle (Capophilus dimidiatus) EuropeanCorn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) 4 1st. Generation (Typically whorl leaffeeding) 2nd. Generation (Typically leaf sheath-collar feeding) StalkTunneling cm tunneled/plant Fall armyworm (Spodoptera fruqiperda) LeafFeeding Silk Feeding mg larval wt. Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamaize)Northern Rootworm (Diabrotica barberi) Southern Rootworm (Diabroticaundecimpunctata) Southwestern Corn Borer (Diatreaea grandiosella) LeafFeeding Stalk Tunneling cm tunneled/plant Two-spotted Spider Mite(Tetranychus utricae) Western Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifrea virgifrera)Other (Specify):       12. AGRONOMIC TRAITS: 7 Staygreen (at 65 daysafter anthesis; rate from 1-worst to 9-excellent) 0 % Dropped Ears (at65 days after anthesis) % Pre-anthesis Brittle Snapping 2 % Pre-anthesisRoot Lodging 0 % Post-anthesis Root Lodging (at 65 days after anthesis)% Post-anthesis Stalk Lodging 7,047.0 Kg/ha Yield of inbred per se (at12-13% grain moisture) * Munsell Glossy Book of Color, a standard colorreference Kollmorgen Inst. Corp. New Windsor NY.

TABLE 2 SSR PROFILE OF PH89O Locus Bin # PH890 mwt phi427913 1.01 131bnlg1014 1.01 134 phi056 1.01 257 bnlg1127 1.02 117 bnlg1007 1.02 137bnlg1627 1.02 205 bnlg1429 1.02 207 bnlg1083 1.02 224 bnlg1953 1.02 252bnlg439 1.03 237 bnlg1484 1.03 138 phi339017 1.03 151 bnlg1203 1.03 308dupssr26 1.04 127 bnlg2086 1.04 221 bnlg1016 1.04 235 bnlg1886 1.05 148bnlg1832 1.05 218 bnlg1884 1.05 284 bnlg1041 1.06 197 bnlg1615 1.06 215bnlg1556 1.07 205 phi423298 1.08 135 bnlg2228 1.08 228 phi323065 1.08331 phi002 1.08 76 phi335539 1.08 91 bnlg1331 1.09 124 phi011 1.09 230bnlg1597 1.09(1.10) 189 bnlg1720 1.09(1.10) 240 phi308707 1.10 134phi260485 1.11 321 phi227562 1.11 322 phi064 1.11 98 bnlg1130 1.XX 208phi402893 2.00 221 bnlg1017 2.02 197 bnlg2277 2.02 298 bnlg1327 2.02 316bnlg1537 2.03 142 phi109642 2.03 152 bnlg1064 2.03 194 phi083 2.04 134bnlg1018 2.04 137 bnlg1909 2.05 306 bnlg1396 2.06 139 bnlg1831 2.06 197bnlg1138 2.06 225 phi251315 2.07 126 phi127 2.08 112 phi328189 2.08 118phi427434 2.08 124 phi090 2.08 149 bnlg1141 2.08 155 bnlg1940 2.08 222bnlg1258 2.08 245 bnlg2237 2.08 254 bnlg1520 2.09 289 phi101049 2.10 238bnlg1690 2.XX 114 phi453121 3.00 225 phi104127 3.01 162 phi404206 3.01305 phi193225 3.02 141 phi374118 3.02 230 bnlg1523 3.03 268 bnlg14523.04 126 bnlg1113 3.04 137 phi029 3.04 161 bnlg1019 3.04 182 bnlg16383.04 236 bnlg1035 3.05 113 phi053 3.05 194 phi073 3.05 194 bnlg1951 3.06124 phi102228 3.06 131 bnlg1496 3.09 198 phi072 4.00(4.01) 142 phi2954504.01 199 phi213984 4.01 287 phi021 4.03 95 phi308090 4.04 223 phi0964.04 238 phi079 4.05 180 phi438301 4.05 214 bnlg1265 4.05 226 bnlg17554.05 243 phi026 4.05 79 bnlg1937 4.05(4.06) 230 bnlg1137 4.06 182umc2038 4.07 125 bnlg1189 4.07 141 bnlg2244 4.08 204 phi093 4.08 291bnlg1565 4.09 211 bnlg1890 4.11 251 bnlg1006 5.00 244 phi396160 5.02 303phi109188 5.03 164 bnlg653 5.04 159 phi331888 5.04 133 phi330507 5.04135 bnlg1892 5.04 151 bnlg2323 5.04 200 phi085 5.06 254 bnlg1711 5.07179 bnlg1346 5.07 192 bnlg1118 5.07 86 phi159819 6.00(6.08) 130phi423796 6.01 131 bnlg1422 6.01 234 phi389203 6.03 307 phi452693 6.04133 phi445613 6.05 100 bnlg1174 6.05 226 umc1463 6.06 301 bnlg1759 6.07128 phi299852 6.07 132 phi364545 6.07 134 bnlg1740 6.07 234 phi070 6.0780 phi338882 6.XX 169 bnlg2132 7.00 203 umc1159 7.01 237 phi034 7.02 123bnlg1292 7.03 141 bnlg1070 7.03 148 bnlg2271 7.03 237 phi328175 7.04 102phi051 7.05 142 phi116 7.06 168 phi420701 8.00 291 bnlg1194 8.02 177phi100175 8.03 140 bnlg2082 8.03 176 bnlg1863 8.03 246 phi115 8.03 292phi121 8.03 98 bnlg2046 8.04 327 bnlg1152 8.06 151 bnlg1031 8.06 293bnlg1828 8.07 161 bnlg1065 8.07 230 phi015 8.08 102 bnlg1056 8.08 97phi233376 8.09 138 bnlg1810 9.01 200 bnlg2122 9.01 240 phi033 9.01 252umc1037 9.02 218 bnlg1159 9.04 151 bnlg1012 9.04 163 phi032 9.04 234phi236654 9.05 120 phi108411 9.05 129 phi448880 9.06(9.07) 179 bnlg6199.07 238 bnlg1375 9.07 168 bnlg1129 9.08 302 phi041 10.00 205 phi05910.02 147 phi96342 10.02 253 bnlg1037 10.03 121 bnlg1655 10.03 129bnlg1079 10.03 174 bnlg1655 10.03 187 phi050 10.03 87 phi301654 10.04132 phi062 10.04 161 phi323152 10.05 137 bnlg1074 10.05 186 bnlg102810.06 130

TABLE 3A PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT Variety #1: PH890 Variety #2:PHP38 YIELD YIELD MST ESTCNT BU/A 56# BU/A 56# PCT TSTWT EGRWTH COUNTStat ABS % MN ABS LB/BU ABS SCORE ABS ABS Mean1 121.6 143.0 23.5 55.76.3 25.1 Mean2 79.9 94.4 19.0 57.9 6.5 26.5 Locs 54 54 58 12 24 18 Reps65 65 69 12 24 18 Diff 41.8 48.6 −4.5 −2.3 −0.2 −1.4 Prob 0.000 0.0000.000 0.024 0.426 0.146 TlLLER GDUSHD GDUSLK PCT GDU GDU POLWT POLWTTASBLS Stat ABS ABS ABS VALUE ABS VALUE % MN SCORE ABS Mean1 1.5 145.4149.7 133.5 115.5 9.0 Mean2 2.0 147.2 148.8 137.0 117.5 9.0 Locs 21 4949 6 6 7 Reps 21 49 49 11 11 7 Diff 0.5 −1.8 0.9 −3.5 −2.0 0.0 Prob0.718 0.003 0.107 0.762 0.845 1.000 PLTHT EARHT TASSZ CM CM STAGRNSTKLDG BRTSTK Stat SCORE ABS ABS ABS SCORE ABS % NOT ABS % NOT ABS Mean14.5 246.2 102.4 6.3 100.0 87.9 Mean2 5.2 223.4 81.3 4.2 100.0 86.2 Locs37 35 3 16 6 1 Reps 37 35 3 16 6 1 Diff −0.7 22.8 21.2 2.1 0.0 1.7 Prob0.007 0.000 0.199 0.001 1.000 . TEXEAR EARMLD SCTGRN SCORE SCORE BARPLTDRPEAR GLFSPT Stat SCORE ABS ABS ABS % NOT ABS % NOT ABS SCORE ABS Mean17.8 7.0 6.1 97.9 100.0 6.5 Mean2 6.9 6.7 7.4 95.2 100.0 2.7 Locs 14 6 728 1 6 Reps 14 6 7 28 1 6 Diff 0.9 0.3 −1.3 2.7 0.0 3.8 Prob 0.028 0.1750.004 0.032 . 0.001 STWWLT FUSERS SLFBLT SCORE SCORE GIBERS DIPERSCOMRST Stat SCORE ABS ABS ABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS Mean1 8.07.0 6.8 9.0 9.0 5.6 Mean2 8.0 4.0 6.9 9.0 9.0 5.8 Locs 1 1 8 2 1 5 Reps1 1 8 2 1 5 Diff 0.0 3.0 −0.1 0.0 0.0 −0.2 Prob . . 0.826 1.000 . 0.621CLDTST CLDTST KSZDCD LRTLPN PCT PCT PCT ERTLDG LRTLDG ERTLPN % NOT StatABS % MN ABS % NOT ABS % NOT ABS % NOT ABS ABS Mean1 91.9 104.5 3.3 66.7100.0 95.0 100.0 Mean2 91.4 103.9 2.6 88.5 97.3 90.0 100.0 Locs 29 29 301 2 2 1 Reps 29 29 30 1 2 2 1 Diff 0.5 0.6 0.7 −21.8 2.7 5.0 0.0 Prob0.687 0.681 0.077 . 0.500 0.500 .

TABLE 3B PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT Variety #1: PH890 Variety #2:PH09B YIELD YIELD MST TSTWT EGRWTH ESTCNT TILLER BU/A 56# BU/A 56# PCTLB/BU SCORE COUNT PCT Stat ABS % MN ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 116.0137.2 23.3 55.8 6.2 23.8 1.9 Mean2 103.6 123.4 20.7 56.1 6.0 21.7 1.4Locs 51 51 55 12 43 29 33 Reps 63 63 67 12 43 29 33 Diff 12.4 13.8 −2.6−0.3 0.2 2.0 −0.5 Prob 0.003 0.015 0.000 0.610 0.173 0.000 0.659 GDUSHDGDUSLK POLWT POLWT TASBLS TASSZ PLTHT GDU GDU VALUE VALUE SCORE SCORE CMStat ABS ABS ABS % MN ABS ABS ABS Mean1 145.8 150.5 127.9 106.3 9.0 4.4243.6 Mean2 143.5 149.2 102.3 81.5 9.0 3.9 229.9 Locs 109 109 8 8 7 8786 Reps 109 109 15 15 7 87 86 Diff 2.3 1.3 25.6 24.8 0.0 0.6 13.6 Prob0.000 0.002 0.117 0.098 1.000 0.000 0.000 EARHT STAGRN STKLDG BRTSTKSCTGRN EARSZ TEXEAR CM SCORE % NOT % NOT SCORE SCORE SCORE Stat ABS ABSABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 87.2 6.6 100.0 87.9 7.6 5.3 6.6 Mean2 78.7 5.496.7 98.3 7.0 5.9 6.5 Locs 9 27 6 1 29 7 14 Reps 9 27 6 1 29 7 14 Diff8.5 1.1 3.3 −10.3 0.6 −0.6 0.1 Prob 0.047 0.000 0.363 . 0.007 0.1030.547 EARMLD BARPLT DRPEAR GLFSPT NLFBLT SLFBLT STWWLT SCORE % NOT % NOTSCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE Stat ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 6.2 96.2100.0 5.9 4.8 7.4 5.5 Mean2 6.8 98.2 100.0 4.9 3.5 6.8 5.0 Locs 13 54 114 2 5 2 Reps 13 54 1 16 4 6 2 Diff −0.7 −2.0 0.0 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.5 Prob0.082 0.007 . 0.003 0.344 0.071 0.795 ANTROT FUSERS GIBERS DIPERS COMRSTSOURST CLDTST SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE PCT Stat ABS ABS ABSABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 3.5 5.8 9.0 4.7 5.3 4.5 91.2 Mean2 3.0 6.2 9.0 4.55.3 3.0 86.8 Locs 1 18 3 3 6 2 30 Reps 2 21 3 4 6 2 30 Diff 0.5 −0.4 0.00.2 0.0 1.5 4.4 Prob . 0.175 1.000 0.423 1.000 0.205 0.000 CLDTST KSZDCDERTLDG ERTLPN LRTLPN PCT PCT % NOT % NOT % NOT Stat % MN ABS ABS ABS ABSMean1 103.7 3.5 74.2 97.2 100.0 Mean2 98.5 10.1 57.3 98.8 100.0 Locs 3031 2 5 1 Reps 30 31 2 5 1 Diff 5.2 −6.6 16.9 −1.6 0.0 Prob 0.000 0.0000.066 0.495 .

TABLE 3C PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT Variety #1: PH890 Variety #2:PHHB9 YIELD YIELD BU/A BU/A MST TSTWT EGRWTH ESTCNT 56# 56# PCT LB/BUSCORE COUNT Stat ABS % MN ABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 115.5 139.2 23.5 55.76.0 25.3 Mean2 99.1 120.8 20.7 55.0 5.9 25.6 Locs 68 68 73 17 21 15 Reps79 79 84 17 21 15 Diff 16.4 18.4 −2.8 0.7 0.1 −0.3 Prob 0.000 0.0000.000 0.489 0.379 0.801 TILLER GDUSHD GDUSLK POLWT POLWT TASBLS PCT GDUGDU VALUE VALUE SCORE Stat ABS ABS ABS ABS % MN ABS Mean1 1.5 145.6149.7 133.5 115.5 9.0 Mean2 32.1 146.9 148.5 105.3 89.7 9.0 Locs 21 4141 6 6 7 Reps 21 41 41 12 12 7 Diff 30.6 −1.2 1.2 28.2 25.8 0.0 Prob0.001 0.073 0.085 0.064 0.059 1.000 PLTHT EARHT TASSZ CM CM STAGRNSTKLDG BRTSTK Stat SCORE ABS ABS ABS SCORE ABS % NOT ABS % NOT ABS Mean14.4 246.1 94.0 6.6 100.0 87.9 Mean2 3.1 230.4 75.4 5.7 100.0 100.0 Locs31 32 3 10 5 1 Reps 31 32 3 10 5 1 Diff 1.3 15.7 18.6 0.9 0.0 −12.1 Prob0.000 0.000 0.106 0.029 1.000 . EARSZ TEXEAR GLFSPT SCTGRN SCORE SCOREEARMLD BARPLT SCORE Stat SCORE ABS ABS ABS SCORE ABS % NOT ABS ABS Mean17.6 6.0 6.7 6.3 94.9 5.2 Mean2 7.7 5.5 5.3 6.2 95.6 4.6 Locs 11 2 3 6 267 Reps 11 2 3 6 27 11 Diff −0.1 0.5 1.3 0.2 −0.7 0.6 Prob 0.724 0.5000.184 0.883 0.639 0.211 SLFBLT STWWLT MDMCPX FUSERS NLFBLT SCORE SCOREANTROT SCORE SCORE Stat SCORE ABS ABS ABS SCORE ABS ABS ABS Mean1 5.27.5 5.5 3.6 2.8 5.2 Mean2 4.2 6.6 4.5 3.9 2.5 4.9 Locs 3 4 2 4 2 14 Reps6 6 2 8 4 19 Diff 1.0 0.9 1.0 −0.3 0.3 0.4 Prob 0.225 0.069 0.500 0.1820.500 0.504 DIPERS COMRST GIBERS SCORE SCORE SOURST CLDTST CLDTST StatSCORE ABS ABS ABS SCORE ABS PCT ABS PCT % MN Mean1 9.0 2.5 5.5 4.0 91.1104.2 Mean2 9.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 91.0 104.0 Locs 1 2 4 1 34 34 Reps 1 3 4 134 34 Diff 0.0 −0.5 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 Prob . 0.705 0.495 . 0.965 0.899 HDKSZDCD SMT ERTLDG LRTLDG PCT % NOT % NOT % NOT ERTLPN LRTLPN Stat ABSABS ABS ABS % NOT ABS % NOT ABS Mean1 3.4 77.2 81.8 100.0 95.0 100.0Mean2 5.5 88.3 70.8 100.0 95.0 100.0 Locs 36 1 1 2 2 1 Reps 36 2 1 2 2 1Diff −2.1 −11.1 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Prob 0.000 . . 1.000 1.000 .

TABLE 3D PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT Variety #1: PH890 Variety #2:PHF2R2 YIELD YIELD MST ESTCNT TILLER BU/A 56# BU/A 56# PCT EGRWTH COUNTPCT Stat ABS % MN ABS SCORE ABS ABS ABS Mean1 158.6 134.4 26.3 6.3 20.52.5 Mean2 157.9 136.9 23.8 5.6 18.1 3.3 Locs 4 4 4 16 11 10 Reps 7 7 716 11 10 Diff 0.7 −2.5 −2.5 0.6 2.5 0.8 Prob 0.969 0.885 0.012 0.0030.037 0.823 GDUSHD GDUSLK GDU GDU POLWT POLWT TASBLS TASSZ Stat ABS ABSVALUE ABS VALUE % MN SCORE ABS SCORE ABS Mean1 143.8 147.6 126.9 113.59.0 4.3 Mean2 141.1 146.0 64.0 54.3 9.0 3.0 Locs 29 29 4 4 7 24 Reps 2929 7 7 7 24 Diff 2.7 1.6 62.9 59.2 0.0 1.3 Prob 0.000 0.060 0.064 0.0641.000 0.000 PLTHT EARHT CM CM STAGRN STKLDG SCTGRN TEXEAR Stat ABS ABSSCORE ABS % NOT ABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS Mean1 248.7 106.7 6.6 100.0 7.86.5 Mean2 210.4 76.2 5.1 100.0 6.4 7.0 Locs 23 1 9 4 9 2 Reps 23 1 9 4 92 Diff 38.3 30.5 1.4 0.0 1.3 −0.5 Prob 0.000 . 0.016 1.000 0.004 0.500EARMLD BARPLT SCORE % NOT GLFSPT SLFBLT FUSERS GIBERS Stat ABS ABS SCOREABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS Mean1 6.3 97.4 5.7 8.0 6.5 9.0 Mean27.7 98.8 5.0 7.0 7.7 9.0 Locs 6 14 3 1 6 1 Reps 6 14 3 1 6 1 Diff −1.3−1.4 0.7 1.0 −1.2 0.0 Prob 0.062 0.175 0.529 . 0.058 . COMRST CLDTSTCLDTST KSZDCD SCORE PCT PCT PCT ERTLDG ERTLPN Stat ABS ABS % MN ABS %NOT ABS % NOT ABS Mean1 5.5 94.5 102.8 3.5 81.8 100.0 Mean2 5.5 94.8103.2 18.0 73.7 100.0 Locs 4 4 4 4 1 1 Reps 4 4 4 4 1 1 Diff 0.0 −0.3−0.4 −14.5 8.1 0.0 Prob 1.000 0.950 0.933 0.003 . .

TABLE 3E PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON REPORT Variety #1: PH890 Variety #2:PHB5D2 YIELD YIELD MST BU/A 56# BU/A 56# PCT EGRWTH ESTCNT TILLER StatABS % MN ABS SCORE ABS COUNT ABS PCT ABS Mean1 158.6 134.4 26.3 6.2 21.22.9 Mean2 130.8 113.4 21.2 5.8 17.3 3.7 Locs 4 4 4 28 19 18 Reps 7 7 728 19 18 Diff 27.8 21.1 −5.1 0.4 3.9 0.8 Prob 0.315 0.408 0.016 0.0140.001 0.778 GDUSHD GDUSLK TASSZ GDU GDU POLWT POLWT TASBLS SCORE StatABS ABS VALUE ABS VALUE % MN SCORE ABS ABS Mean1 144.1 148.2 126.9 113.59.0 4.5 Mean2 141.5 144.7 80.3 67.7 9.0 4.0 Locs 67 67 4 4 7 56 Reps 6767 8 8 7 56 Diff 2.6 3.5 46.6 45.8 0.0 0.5 Prob 0.000 0.000 0.056 0.0801.000 0.001 PLTHT EARHT TEXEAR CM CM STAGRN STKLDG SCTGRN SCORE Stat ABSABS SCORE ABS % NOT ABS SCORE ABS ABS Mean1 246.9 106.7 6.4 100.0 7.87.0 Mean2 230.3 89.7 4.1 100.0 6.9 6.6 Locs 51 3 22 5 20 8 Reps 51 3 225 20 8 Diff 16.5 16.9 2.2 0.0 0.8 0.4 Prob 0.000 0.063 0.000 1.000 0.0010.197 FUSERS EARMLD BARPLT DRPEAR GLFSPT SLFBLT SCORE Stat SCORE ABS %NOT ABS % NOT ABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS ABS Mean1 6.3 97.9 100.0 6.2 7.56.5 Mean2 6.5 99.2 100.0 4.8 7.0 6.6 Locs 11 29 1 9 2 11 Reps 11 29 1 92 11 Diff −0.3 −1.3 0.0 1.4 0.5 −0.1 Prob 0.391 0.078 . 0.016 0.5000.756 GIBERS DIPERS CLDTST CLDTST KSZDCD ERTLDG ERTLPN SCORE SCORECOMRST PCT PCT PCT % NOT % NOT Stat ABS ABS SCORE ABS ABS % MN ABS ABSABS Mean1 9.0 9.0 5.3 94.5 102.8 3.5 74.2 100.0 Mean2 8.7 9.0 5.5 95.5104.0 12.5 74.2 100.0 Locs 3 1 6 4 4 4 2 2 Reps 3 1 6 4 4 4 2 2 Diff 0.30.0 −0.2 −1.0 −1.1 −9.0 0.1 0.0 Prob 0.423 . 0.363 0.495 0.482 0.0760.996 1.000

TABLE 4A Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PH890 To PH2JRCrossed To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments.YIELD MST EGRWTH ESTCNT GDUSHD GDUSLK PLTHT EARHT — BU/A 56# PCT SCORECOUNT GDU GDU CM CM Reps 445 454 55 67 62 43 119 123 Locs 445 454 55 6762 43 119 123 PH890 197.0 20.3 5.7 48.5 138.3 137.2 328.1 147.5 PH2JR189.2 20.6 5.1 49.2 141.4 139.0 322.6 144.0 Diff 7.8 0.3 0.6 0.7 3.1 1.85.4 3.5 Pr > T 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.120 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 TSTWTGLFSPT SLFBLT ANTROT COMRST ECB1LF GIBROT EBTSTK STAGRN LB/BU SCORESCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE % NOT — SCORE ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABSABS Reps 138 368 18 15 22 8 3 7 113 Locs 138 368 18 15 22 8 3 7 113PH890 5.2 56.9 5.5 6.1 4.2 4.9 3.8 4.6 69.1 PH2JR 5.5 56.6 5.4 5.8 4.14.1 3.5 6.0 76.3 Diff 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 1.4 7.2 Pr > T 0.0450.006 0.816 0.273 0.398 0.068 0.754 0.082 0.002 *Pr > T values are validonly for comparisons with Locs >= 10

TABLE 4B Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PH890 To PH3DTCrossed To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments.MST EGRWTH ESTCNT GDUSHD GDUSLK — YIELD BU/A 56# PCT SCORE COUNT GDU GDUReps 20 21 4 2 6 5 Locs 20 21 4 2 6 5 PH890 177.8 21.4 5.5 48.0 134.2135.8 PH3DT 163.4 18.9 6.3 47.0 133.3 134.6 Diff 14.4 2.5 0.8 1.0 0.81.2 Pr > T 0.039 0.000 0.215 0.500 0.185 0.109 PLTHT EARHT TSTWT EBTSTK— CM CM STAGRN SCORE LB/BU ABS % NOT ABS Reps 13 13 6 19 8 Locs 13 13 619 8 PH890 311.6 134.6 5.5 56.0 65.9 PH3DT 295.8 126.0 3.8 55.6 67.4Diff 15.8 8.6 1.7 0.3 1.5 Pr > T 0.003 0.016 0.011 0.395 0.815 *Pr > Tvalues are valid only for comparisons with Locs >= 10

TABLE 4C Average Inbred By Tester Performance Comparing PH890 To PH09BCrossed To The Same Inbred Testers And Grown In The Same Experiments.YIELD MST EGRWTH ESTCNT GDUSHD GDUSLK PLTHT EARHT — BU/A 56# PCT SCORECOUNT GDU GDU CM CM Reps 120 121 16 7 22 13 27 27 Locs 120 121 16 7 2213 27 27 PH890 196.1 22.1 5.8 56.5 141.2 139.0 323.6 141.6 PH09B 185.121.0 5.6 56.7 140.0 136.6 316.6 138.4 Diff 11.0 1.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 2.4 6.93.2 Pr > T 0.000 0.000 0.580 0.909 0.046 0.240 0.016 0.241 TSTWT GLFSPTNLFBLT SLFBLT ANTROT FUSERS DIPERS STAGRN LB/BU SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORESCORE SCORE — SCORE ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Reps 36 82 7 4 5 5 9 2Locs 36 82 7 4 5 5 9 2 PH890 5.4 56.8 6.0 5.9 6.7 4.4 5.4 4.3 PH09B 3.657.2 5.0 4.4 5.2 4.0 5.2 4.5 Diff 1.8 0.4 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 Pr > T0.000 0.131 0.013 0.024 0.028 0.338 0.594 0.874 ECB1LF ECB2SC GIBROTBRTSTK STLLPN EBTSTK ABTSTK SCORE SCORE SCORE % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT —ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Reps 1 1 5 1 1 17 1 Locs 1 1 5 1 1 17 1PH890 4.5 3.0 4.4 4.0 100.0 71.6 5.5 PH09B 2.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 96.2 56.0 2.0Diff 2.0 1.0 0.4 1.0 3.8 15.7 3.5 Pr > T 0.477 0.002 *Pr > T values arevalid only for comparisons with Locs >= 10

TABLE 5 General Combining Ability Report for Inbred PH890 YIELD bu/a 56#ABS Mean 189.1 YIELD bu/a 56# ABS Locs 276 YIELD bu/a 56# ABS Reps 3671YIELD bu/a 56# ABS Years 4 MST pct ABS Mean 21 MST pct ABS Locs 277 MSTpct ABS Reps 3737 MST pct ABS Years 4 EGRWTH score ABS Mean 5.8 EGRWTHscore ABS Locs 34 EGRWTH score ABS Reps 455 EGRWTH score ABS Years 4ESTCNT count ABS Mean 51.1 ESTCNT count ABS Locs 23 ESTCNT count ABSReps 627 ESTCNT count ABS Years 3 GDUSHD GDU ABS Mean 140.9 GDUSHD GDUABS Locs 63 GDUSHD GDU ABS Reps 536 GDUSHD GDU ABS Years 3 GDUSLK GDUABS Mean 140.9 GDUSLK GDU ABS Locs 48 GDUSLK GDU ABS Reps 312 GDUSLK GDUABS Years 3 PLTHT cm ABS Mean 324.6 PLTHT cm ABS Locs 72 PLTHT cm ABSReps 973 PLTHT cm ABS Years 4 EARHT cm ABS Mean 143.4 EARHT cm ABS Locs72 EARHT cm ABS Reps 977 EARHT cm ABS Years 4 STAGRN score ABS Mean 5.1STAGRN score ABS Locs 87 STAGRN score ABS Reps 1145 STAGRN score ABSYears 4 TSTWT lb/bu ABS Mean 56.7 TSTWT lb/bu ABS Locs 248 TSTWT lb/buABS Reps 3347 TSTWT lb/bu ABS Years 4 GLFSPT score ABS Mean 5.5 GLFSPTscore ABS Locs 24 GLFSPT score ABS Reps 272 GLFSPT score ABS Years 4NLFBLT score ABS Mean 5.5 NLFBLT score ABS Locs 6 NLFBLT score ABS Reps74 NLFBLT score ABS Years 3 SLFBLT score ABS Mean 6.5 SLFBLT score ABSLocs 8 SLFBLT score ABS Reps 165 SLFBLT score ABS Years 4 ANTROT scoreABS Mean 4 ANTROT score ABS Locs 15 ANTROT score ABS Reps 227 ANTROTscore ABS Years 3 FUSERS score ABS Mean 5.2 FUSERS score ABS Locs 7FUSERS score ABS Reps 92 FUSERS score ABS Years 3 DIPERS score ABS Mean4 DIPERS score ABS Locs 4 DIPERS score ABS Reps 50 DIPERS score ABSYears 3 COMRST score ABS Mean 4.7 COMRST score ABS Locs 1 COMRST scoreABS Reps 49 COMRST score ABS Years 1 SOURST score ABS Mean 4.3 SOURSTscore ABS Locs 1 SOURST score ABS Reps 51 SOURST score ABS Years 1ECB1LF score ABS Mean 3 ECB1LF score ABS Locs 3 ECB1LF score ABS Reps 41ECB1LF score ABS Years 2 ECB2SC score ABS Mean 4.8 ECB2SC score ABS Locs13 ECB2SC score ABS Reps 75 ECB2SC score ABS Years 3 GIBROT score ABSMean 4 GIBROT score ABS Locs 5 GIBROT score ABS Reps 46 GIBROT score ABSYears 1 BRTSTK % NOT ABS Mean 97.2 BRTSTK % NOT ABS Locs 3 BRTSTK % NOTABS Reps 14 BRTSTK % NOT ABS Years 2 STLLPN % NOT ABS Mean 72.2 STLLPN %NOT ABS Locs 48 STLLPN % NOT ABS Reps 980 STLLPN % NOT ABS Years 4DIPROT score ABS Mean 5 DIPROT score ABS Locs 1 DIPROT score ABS Reps 22DIPROT score ABS Years 1 EBTSTK % NOT ABS Mean 94.8 EBTSTK % NOT ABSLocs 3 EBTSTK % NOT ABS Reps 137 EBTSTK % NOT ABS Years 1 ABTSTK % NOTABS Mean 55 ABTSTK % NOT ABS Locs 14 ABTSTK % NOT ABS Reps 273 ABTSTK %NOT ABS Years 3 ERTLPN % NOT ABS Mean 77.9 ERTLPN % NOT ABS Locs 20ERTLPN % NOT ABS Reps 351 ERTLPN % NOT ABS Years 2 LRTLPN % NOT ABS Mean79 LRTLPN % NOT ABS Locs 25 LRTLPN % NOT ABS Reps 192 LRTLPN % NOT ABSYears 2

TABLE 5A Combining Ability Report for Inbred PH890 F1 data for InbredLine PH890 when crossed to various tester lines YIELD YIELD YIELD bu/a56# bu/a 56# bu/a 56# MST pct MST pct MST pct ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABSTester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53310E 178.5 15 19 20.9 15 1956411E 184.6 15 19 22.7 15 19 58722F 170.5 15 19 21.1 15 19 70784B 169.815 19 20.9 15 19 198648K 200.7 16 16 18.2 16 16 56799A 206.6 16 16 23.316 16 53348G 186 16 16 18.5 16 16 76045D 206.7 18 18 22.8 18 18 56426G186.7 18 18 21.3 18 18 58731B 205.6 26 26 19.7 28 28 61652C 183 29 3522.9 29 35 70784E 201.6 27 27 20.1 28 28 76043D 190.5 17 21 24.6 17 2150075F 184.9 16 16 19.8 16 16 50087B 183.6 18 18 20.3 18 18 50219K 190.215 15 22.1 15 15 51410K 203.9 29 74 19.2 29 78 217113C 194.3 8 23 19.1 823 217113D 195.7 8 19 20.4 8 21 282786F 213.1 8 21 19.3 8 24 282786D214.7 8 21 19.4 8 22 282786B 217.2 8 23 19.8 8 23 214888C 204.2 8 2119.8 8 21 214888D 196.3 8 21 19.4 8 21 EGRWTH EGRWTH EGRWTH ESTCNTESTCNT ESTCNT score ABS score ABS score ABS count ABS count ABS countABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53310E 6.5 2 2 47.8 4 4 56411E6 2 2 42 4 4 58722F 5.5 2 2 42.8 4 4 70784B 6 2 2 42 4 4 198648K 6 1 156799A 8 1 1 53348G 5.8 6 6 46.3 4 4 76045D 8 1 1 56426G 5.8 4 4 52 4 458731B 5 5 5 45 4 4 61652C 6 1 1 70784E 4.6 5 5 41.3 4 4 76043D 50075F 65 5 45.8 4 4 50087B 5.5 4 4 51 4 4 50219K 51410K 5.4 6 7 51.1 7 12217113C 6 1 1 217113D 7 1 1 282786F 55.8 3 8 282786D 55.6 3 8 282786B56.8 3 8 214888C 6 1 1 214888D 6 1 1 GDUSHD GDUSHD GDUSHD GDUSLK GDUSLKGDUSLK GDU ABS GDU ABS GDU ABS GDU ABS GDU ABS GDU ABS Tester Mean LocsReps Mean Locs Reps 53310E 56411E 58722F 70784B 198648K 56799A 138.8 4 4133 1 1 53348G 76045D 140.5 4 4 133 1 1 56426G 58731B 61652C 147 2 270784E 76043D 147 2 2 50075F 50087B 50219K 142.7 3 3 142.5 2 2 51410K138 7 12 137.1 6 10 217113C 139.8 5 5 137.5 4 4 217113D 136.8 5 5 133.84 4 282786F 139.3 2 3 142.3 2 3 282786D 141 2 3 143.3 2 3 282786B 143.32 3 143.3 2 3 214888C 135.2 5 5 133.3 4 4 214888D 135.8 5 5 134 4 453310E 56411E 58722F 70784B 198648K 56799A 138.8 4 4 133 1 1 53348G76045D 140.5 4 4 133 1 1 56426G 58731B 61652C 147 2 2 70784E 76043D 1472 2 50075F 50087B 50219K 142.7 3 3 142.5 2 2 51410K 138 7 12 137.1 6 10217113C 139.8 5 5 137.5 4 4 217113D 136.8 5 5 133.8 4 4 282786F 139.3 23 142.3 2 3 282786D 141 2 3 143.3 2 3 282786B 143.3 2 3 143.3 2 3214888C 135.2 5 5 133.3 4 4 214888D 135.8 5 5 134 4 4 PLTHT cm PLTHT cmPLTHT cm EARHT EARHT EARHT ABS ABS ABS cm ABS cm ABS cm ABS Tester MeanLocs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53310E 304.4 5 6 145.2 5 6 56411E 299.7 5 6136.3 5 6 58722F 300.6 5 6 136.7 5 6 70784B 302.3 5 6 142.2 5 6 198648K356.9 4 4 162.6 4 4 56799A 335.3 4 4 142.9 4 4 53348G 287.7 4 4 112.4 44 76045D 332.7 4 4 146.7 4 4 56426G 315 4 4 132.1 4 4 58731B 324.8 8 8146.4 8 8 61652C 337.8 6 7 160.7 6 7 70784E 321.6 8 8 147.3 8 8 76043D320 4 4 146.7 4 4 50075F 301 4 4 135.3 4 4 50087B 321.3 4 4 139.1 4 450219K 314.3 4 4 137.2 4 4 51410K 343 10 26 158 11 27 217113C 360.4 4 8180 4 8 217113D 352.7 3 7 167.6 3 7 282786F 328.5 2 6 151.3 3 7 282786D322.6 2 6 150.2 3 7 282786B 325.5 2 6 152.4 3 7 214888C 356.2 4 8 163.84 8 214888D 353.7 4 8 167 4 8 STAGRN STAGRN STAGRN TSTWT TSTWT TSTWTscore ABS score ABS score ABS lb/bu ABS lb/bu ABS lb/bu ABS Tester MeanLocs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53310E 5.4 5 5 54.4 13 17 56411E 7.2 5 5 55.214 18 58722F 7.2 5 5 54.4 14 18 70784B 7.2 5 5 56.7 14 18 198648K 5.3 66 55.6 12 12 56799A 3.5 6 6 55.9 14 14 53348G 4.6 5 5 57.9 15 15 76045D5.4 7 7 56.9 15 15 56426G 3.8 5 5 57.8 13 13 58731B 5.9 10 10 58.1 23 2361652C 4.9 7 7 57 27 33 70784E 6.4 10 10 56.5 23 23 76043D 7 1 1 56.5 1721 50075F 6.2 6 6 57.1 15 15 50087B 5.8 5 5 59 12 12 50219K 5.3 4 4 5714 14 51410K 5 10 20 56.6 26 70 217113C 5.2 3 5 56.2 7 20 217113D 5.6 35 56 7 18 282786F 5.6 2 5 57.2 7 21 282786D 5 2 5 57.5 7 19 282786B 5.42 5 56.5 7 18 214888C 5.2 4 6 56.9 7 18 214888D 4.7 4 6 56.2 7 19 GLFSPTGLFSPT GLFSPT SLFBLT SLFBLT SLFBLT score ABS score ABS score ABS scoreABS score ABS score ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53310E56411E 58722F 70784B 198648K 5 2 2 7.5 2 2 56799A 5.5 2 2 53348G 76045D6.5 2 2 56426G 4 1 1 7 1 1 58731B 6 2 2 7.5 2 2 61652C 5.7 2 3 7 1 170784E 7.5 2 2 5.5 2 2 76043D 7 1 1 50075F 50087B 5 1 1 7 1 1 50219K 6.52 2 51410K 4.5 1 4 217113C 4.7 1 3 217113D 5.3 1 3 282786F 282786D282786B 214888C 5 1 2 214888D 5.5 1 2 ANTROT ANTROT ANTROT COMRST COMRSTCOMRST score ABS score ABS score ABS score ABS score ABS score ABSTester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53310E 3 1 1 4.5 1 2 56411E 6 1 1 61 2 58722F 7 1 1 5 1 2 70784B 5 1 1 5.5 1 2 198648K 4 2 2 56799A 53348G3 1 1 4 1 1 76045D 56426G 58731B 3.3 3 3 3 1 1 61652C 3.5 2 2 70784E 3.33 3 5 1 1 76043D 50075F 5 1 1 4 1 1 50087B 50219K 51410K 4 2 3 6 1 1217113C 4 1 1 217113D 4 1 1 282786F 282786D 282786B 214888C 5 1 1214888D 3 1 1 STLLPN STLLPN STLLPN EBTSTK EBTSTK EBTSTK % NOT % NOT %NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps MeanLocs Reps 53310E 47.1 1 1 99.4 3 3 56411E 76.5 1 1 96.7 3 3 58722F 31.31 1 93.7 3 3 70784B 87.5 1 1 95.3 3 3 198648K 60.9 3 3 56799A 49.3 5 553348G 64.4 2 2 99.1 3 3 76045D 72.2 5 5 56426G 68.6 3 3 58731B 76.3 5 590.5 3 3 61652C 68.9 6 7 70784E 70.6 5 5 97 2 2 76043D 75.6 4 4 50075F93.8 2 2 96.7 3 3 50087B 66.2 3 3 50219K 84.4 3 3 51410K 62.4 11 19 97.53 3 217113C 53.5 4 4 217113D 61.1 4 4 282786F 76.7 5 9 282786D 62.2 5 9282786B 63.3 5 9 214888C 66 4 4 214888D 52.3 4 4 ERTLPN ERTLPN ERTLPNLRTLPN LRTLPN LRTLPN % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT ABS ABS ABS ABSABS ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53310E 56411E 58722F 70784B198648K 76.7 3 3 56799A 100 1 1 75 2 2 53348G 76045D 100 2 2 90 2 256426G 58731B 85 2 2 61652C 80 4 4 80 1 1 70784E 70 2 2 76043D 90 2 2 901 1 50075F 50087B 50219K 85 2 2 51410K 80 3 9 217113C 62 3 5 217113D 863 5 282786F 282786D 282786B 214888C 70 3 4 214888D 88 3 5

TABLE 5B Combining Ability Report for Inbred PH890 F1 data for InbredLine PH890 when crossed to different tester lines than in Table 5A YIELDYIELD YIELD bu/a 56# bu/a 56# bu/a 56# MST pct MST pct MST pct ABS ABSABS ABS ABS ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53292D 188.3 31 3119.5 31 31 53325G 184.8 17 20 24.2 17 20 53325H 198.3 15 17 24.4 15 1756791E 201.2 29 29 19.5 29 29 58724E 204.8 30 30 19.9 31 31 58725J 189.621 36 20.7 21 36 58728D 188.3 16 16 22.1 17 17 61649A 199.9 26 30 20.826 30 61649D 195.5 24 28 21.3 24 28 253239C 192.3 13 17 20.2 13 1775932F 183 18 22 23.8 18 22 76014H 182.5 18 23 24.8 18 23 76014J 200.624 35 23.5 24 36 76019H 204.2 18 18 23.3 18 18 76019K 208.6 17 17 23.417 17 76020C 205.4 17 17 23.7 17 17 76020F 186.3 39 47 21.6 40 48 76033K178.3 35 35 22.9 36 36 76043G 176.4 17 22 26.3 17 22 76043H 182.9 17 2224.9 17 22 76043J 179.7 17 21 26.3 17 22 76044A 169.9 17 21 23.8 17 21209936E 175.8 18 18 24 18 18 70783J 193.2 28 28 21 30 30 212022K 187.117 17 23.8 17 17 56592D 190.1 90 121 21 90 123 212028C 182 17 17 22.3 1717 209392H 158.6 16 16 21.7 16 16 EGRWTH EGRWTH EGRWTH ESTCNT ESTCNTESTCNT score ABS score ABS score ABS count ABS count ABS count ABSTester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53292D 5.7 9 9 47.1 8 8 53325G53325H 56791E 5.3 7 7 44.8 4 4 58724E 5.2 6 6 44.8 4 4 58725J 5.5 4 440.3 3 3 58728D 6.3 6 6 61649A 7 2 2 61649D 5.5 2 2 253239C 5 1 1 55.7 510 75932F 76014H 76014J 76019H 7 1 1 76019K 7 1 1 76020C 8 1 1 76020F 54 5 50.2 5 10 76033K 7 1 1 76043G 76043H 76043J 76044A 209936E 70783J 66 6 45 4 4 212022K 56592D 5.8 13 17 56.3 13 27 212028C 209392H 5.7 3 3GDUSHD GDUSHD GDUSHD GDUSLK GDUSLK GDUSLK GDU ABS GDU ABS GDU ABS GDUABS GDU ABS GDU ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53292D 53325G144 4 4 144 2 2 53325H 147.3 4 4 146 2 2 56791E 58724E 58725J 138.8 5 5137.5 4 4 58728D 142 5 5 132 1 1 61649A 135.5 4 4 123 1 1 61649D 139.3 44 133 1 1 253239C 75932F 144.5 2 2 76014H 146 2 2 76014J 143.8 5 5 142.52 2 76019H 140.5 4 4 133 1 1 76019K 140.5 4 4 139 1 1 76020C 144 4 4 1361 1 76020F 140.4 9 9 136 1 1 76033K 146.8 11 11 150 7 7 76043G 151.5 2 276043H 148.5 2 2 76043J 151.5 2 2 76044A 150 4 4 151.5 2 2 209936E 144 55 147.3 4 4 70783J 212022K 140 5 5 142.3 4 4 56592D 140.9 18 25 139.4 1316 212028C 144.4 5 5 148 3 3 209392H 144.3 5 5 PLTHT cm PLTHT cm PLTHTcm EARHT EARHT EARHT ABS ABS ABS cm ABS cm ABS cm ABS Tester Mean LocsReps Mean Locs Reps 53292D 302.3 8 8 127.3 8 8 53325G 257 5 5 121.4 5 553325H 322.1 5 5 133.6 5 5 56791E 326.1 8 8 143.2 8 8 58724E 313.7 8 8135.9 8 8 58725J 356.1 6 10 174 6 10 58728D 322.6 5 5 141.2 5 5 61649A329.6 7 8 141.3 7 8 61649D 323.7 6 7 136.1 6 7 253239C 349.3 3 4 159.4 34 75932F 331.5 4 4 150.5 4 4 76014H 327.7 4 4 137.2 4 4 76014J 337.8 5 7161.8 5 7 76019H 333.4 4 4 148 4 4 76019K 351.2 4 4 151.1 4 4 76020C337.2 4 4 146.7 4 4 76020F 321.9 10 12 139.3 10 12 76033K 314 8 8 133.78 8 76043G 323.9 4 4 142.9 4 4 76043H 329.6 4 4 135.3 4 4 76043J 330.2 33 144.8 3 3 76044A 327.7 5 5 140.2 5 5 209936E 337.8 3 3 152.4 3 370783J 326.6 7 7 151.7 7 7 212022K 309.9 3 3 116.8 3 3 56592D 324 21 33141 21 33 212028C 330.2 3 3 139.7 3 3 209392H 309.2 4 4 132.1 4 4 STAGRNSTAGRN STAGRN TSTWT TSTWT TSTWT score ABS score ABS score ABS lb/bu ABSlb/bu ABS lb/bu ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53292D 5.2 1010 58 24 24 53325G 6.5 2 2 57.4 17 20 53325H 6.5 2 2 56.9 15 17 56791E5.5 11 11 56.6 23 23 58724E 4.9 11 11 57.2 26 26 58725J 6.2 8 10 56.4 1932 58728D 5 8 8 56.7 16 16 61649A 5.6 13 14 58.8 22 25 61649D 4.9 11 1256.8 19 22 253239C 4.6 6 7 54.7 13 17 75932F 7 1 1 56.3 17 21 76014H 4 11 55.4 18 23 76014J 4.6 5 5 56.7 24 36 76019H 5 7 7 56 15 15 76019K 3.26 6 56 14 14 76020C 5 6 6 56.5 14 14 76020F 5.2 17 20 57.3 35 43 76033K4.3 6 6 56.7 30 30 76043G 6 1 1 56.2 17 22 76043H 6 1 1 56.4 17 2276043J 8 1 1 54.7 16 20 76044A 6 2 2 56.6 17 20 209936E 7.3 3 3 57.3 1616 70783J 5.9 12 12 56.5 26 26 212022K 6 3 3 54.6 16 16 56592D 5 28 3856.3 81 111 212028C 7.3 3 3 55.7 16 16 209392H 3.2 6 6 55.9 13 13 GLFSPTGLFSPT GLFSPT SLFBLT SLFBLT SLFBLT score ABS score ABS score ABS scoreABS score ABS score ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53292D 5 11 7 1 1 53325G 6 1 1 53325H 6 1 1 56791E 5 2 2 7 2 2 58724E 5.5 2 2 7 22 58725J 6.7 1 3 58728D 5 1 1 61649A 5.5 3 4 7 1 1 61649D 5.5 3 4 7.5 22 253239C 5 1 1 75932F 6 1 1 76014H 6 1 1 76014J 5.3 2 3 76019H 6.5 2 276019K 5.5 2 2 76020C 6.5 2 2 76020F 4.5 4 4 76033K 5 2 2 76043G 7 1 176043H 8 1 1 76043J 6 1 1 76044A 5 1 1 209936E 6.5 2 2 70783J 5.5 2 27.5 2 2 212022K 6 2 2 56592D 4.9 6 9 6.7 5 12 212028C 6.5 2 2 209392H5.5 2 2 ANTROT ANTROT ANTROT COMRST COMRST COMRST score ABS score ABSscore ABS score ABS score ABS score ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean LocsReps 53292D 2 1 1 4 1 1 53325G 53325H 56791E 3.3 3 3 4 1 1 58724E 4 3 33 1 1 58725J 4 1 1 5 1 1 58728D 61649A 4 2 2 61649D 4.5 2 2 253239C75932F 76014H 76014J 76019H 76019K 76020C 76020F 76033K 76043G 76043H76043J 76044A 209936E 70783J 4 3 3 4 1 1 212022K 56592D 3.8 6 12 4 1 1212028C 209392H SOURST SOURST SOURST ECB2SC ECB2SC ECB2SC score ABSscore ABS score ABS score ABS score ABS score ABS Tester Mean Locs RepsMean Locs Reps 53292D 53325G 53325H 56791E 58724E 58725J 58728D 61649A61649D 253239C 3.5 1 2 75932F 76014H 76014J 76019H 76019K 76020C 76020F5 1 2 5 1 1 76033K 9 3 3 76043G 76043H 76043J 76044A 209936E 9 1 170783J 212022K 9 1 1 56592D 2.5 1 2 3.3 1 3 212028C 9 1 1 209392H 3 1 1STLLPN STLLPN STLLPN GIBROT GIBROT GIBROT % NOT % NOT % NOT score ABSscore ABS score ABS ABS ABS ABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps53292D 84.6 5 5 53325G 82.5 5 5 53325H 75 5 5 56791E 62.9 5 5 58724E68.8 5 5 58725J 64.4 4 4 58728D 57.1 3 3 61649A 72.6 7 8 61649D 72.9 7 8253239C 82.5 2 4 75932F 81 4 4 76014H 73.5 4 4 76014J 61.7 6 7 76019H67.1 5 5 76019K 67.2 5 5 76020C 61.3 5 5 76020F 6 1 1 76.5 12 17 76033K66.2 9 10 76043G 78.1 4 4 76043H 59.3 4 4 76043J 68.9 4 4 76044A 79.5 55 209936E 68.5 3 4 70783J 84 5 5 212022K 62 3 4 56592D 3.5 1 2 71.5 1638 212028C 53.5 3 4 209392H 4 1 1 63.6 4 5 EBTSTK EBTSTK EBTSTK ERTLPNERTLPN ERTLPN % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT ABS ABS ABS ABS ABSABS Tester Mean Locs Reps Mean Locs Reps 53292D 88.9 3 3 53325G 90 1 153325H 100 1 1 56791E 100 3 3 65 2 2 58724E 94.9 3 3 75 2 2 58725J 93.12 2 60 3 5 58728D 61649A 96.7 3 3 61649D 80 3 3 253239C 100 2 3 75932F95 2 2 76014H 85 2 2 76014J 70 3 4 76019H 100 2 2 76019K 80 1 1 76020C100 1 1 76020F 76.7 6 6 76033K 65 4 4 76043G 95 2 2 76043H 100 2 276043J 85 2 2 76044A 90 1 1 209936E 60 3 3 70783J 96.8 3 3 90 2 2212022K 76.7 3 3 56592D 99.4 3 3 73.4 9 16 212028C 53.3 3 3 209392H 40 22 LRTLPN LRTLPN LRTLPN % NOT % NOT % NOT ABS ABS ABS Tester Mean LocsReps 53292D 53325G 53325H 56791E 58724E 58725J 58728D 61649A 95 2 261649D 92.5 2 2 253239C 75932F 70 1 1 76014H 70 1 1 76014J 60 1 1 76019H92.5 2 2 76019K 80 2 2 76020C 77.5 2 2 76020F 94.3 7 7 76033K 85.8 6 676043G 90 1 1 76043H 100 1 1 76043J 100 1 1 76044A 209936E 93.3 3 370783J 212022K 96.7 3 3 56592D 80 6 7 212028C 86.7 3 3 209392H 90 4 4

TABLE 6A INBREDS IN HYBRID COMBINATION REPORT Variety #1: HYBRIDCONTAINING PH890-Variety #2: 31G98 YIELD YIELD MST ESTCNT GDUSHD GDUSLKBU/A 56# BU/A 56# PCT EGRWTH COUNT GDU GDU Stat ABS % MN % MN SCORE % MN% MN % MN % MN Mean1 197.6 103.7 99.3 105.0 102.7 98.8 98.8 Mean2 193.2102.0 98.1 92.6 100.4 102.1 101.8 Locs 126 126 127 16 15 22 16 Reps 150150 153 19 27 27 18 Diff 4.4 1.7 −1.2 12.4 2.4 −3.3 −2.9 Prob 0.0420.161 0.098 0.012 0.217 0.000 0.000 STKCNT PLTHT EARHT STKLDG EBTSTKCOUNT CM CM STAGRN STKLDS % NOT % NOT Stat % MN % MN % MN SCORE % MNSCORE ABS % MN % MN Mean1 101.2 99.2 98.7 99.7 7.2 109.4 105.3 Mean2100.2 100.7 103.7 101.2 7.1 109.4 101.4 Locs 211 35 35 38 9 1 3 Reps 32046 46 45 9 1 3 Diff 1.0 −1.5 −5.0 −1.5 0.1 0.0 3.9 Prob 0.012 0.0650.000 0.795 0.870 . 0.401 ABTSTK TSTWT GLFSPT CLN % NOT LB/BU SCORENLFBLT SLFBLT ANTROT SCORE Stat % MN ABS ABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS SCOREABS ABS Mean1 118.0 56.5 5.0 5.8 6.9 3.9 3.5 Mean2 62.8 56.2 5.2 5.8 4.14.3 4.5 Locs 8 89 6 4 7 7 1 Reps 29 113 9 7 12 12 4 Diff 55.2 0.3 −0.20.0 2.8 −0.4 −1.0 Prob 0.002 0.071 0.363 1.000 0.000 0.111 . MDMCPXFUSERS DIPERS ECB2SC SCORE SCORE SCORE COMRST SOURST ECB1LF SCORE StatABS ABS ABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS SCORE ABS ABS Mean1 2.8 6.0 4.5 4.0 2.52.8 4.3 Mean2 3.0 5.2 4.0 5.0 3.5 3.7 4.3 Locs 2 9 2 1 1 2 6 Reps 4 16 41 2 6 10 Diff −0.3 0.8 0.5 −1.0 −1.0 −0.8 0.0 Prob 0.500 0.037 0.705 . .0.344 1.000 HD HSKCVR GIBROT DIPROT BRTSTK SMT LRTLPN SCORE SCORE SCORE% NOT % NOT ERTLPN % NOT Stat ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS % NOT ABS ABS Mean14.9 3.5 4.5 99.1 96.3 80.3 88.3 Mean2 5.3 4.5 3.0 98.2 98.8 75.7 85.8Locs 21 1 1 1 6 14 12 Reps 28 2 2 2 9 20 13 Diff −0.3 −1.0 1.5 0.9 −2.64.6 2.5 Prob 0.146 . . . 0.152 0.606 0.709

TABLE 6B INBREDS IN HYBRID COMBINATION REPORT Variety #1: HYBRIDCONTAINING PH890-Variety #2: 32R42 YIELD YIELD MST EGRWTH ESTCNT GDUSHDGDUSLK STKCNT BU/A 56# BU/A 56# PCT SCORE COUNT GDU GDU COUNT Stat ABS %MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN Mean1 198.2 103.1 99.1 105.2 104.5 99.399.3 101.2 Mean2 185.3 96.7 99.6 95.6 100.0 98.8 99.2 100.5 Locs 105 105105 11 11 17 12 176 Reps 116 116 116 13 22 22 14 270 Diff 12.9 6.3 0.59.6 4.5 0.5 0.1 0.7 Prob 0.000 0.000 0.447 0.162 0.023 0.101 0.919 0.157PLTHT EARHT STAGRN STKLDG ABTSTK TSTWT GLFSPT NLFBLT CM CM SCORE % NOT %NOT LB/BU SCORE SCORE Stat % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN ABS ABS ABS Mean199.1 99.6 100.4 109.4 118.0 56.5 5.0 5.8 Mean2 92.7 87.9 102.3 103.2107.6 56.6 5.1 4.9 Locs 26 26 29 1 8 66 6 4 Reps 33 33 34 1 30 77 8 7Diff 6.3 11.7 −1.9 6.2 10.4 −0.1 −0.1 0.9 Prob 0.000 0.000 0.801 . 0.2320.547 0.880 0.133 SLFBLT ANTROT CLN MDMCPX FUSERS DIPERS SOURST ECB1LFSCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE Stat ABS ABS ABS ABS ABSABS ABS ABS Mean1 6.9 3.8 3.5 2.8 6.0 4.5 2.5 2.8 Mean2 4.7 3.7 3.5 3.04.2 3.5 3.5 3.8 Locs 6 5 1 2 9 2 1 2 Reps 9 10 4 4 16 4 2 6 Diff 2.3 0.10.0 −0.3 1.8 1.0 −1.0 −1.0 Prob 0.002 0.621 . 0.500 0.000 0.295 . 1.000HD ECB2SC HSKCVR GIBROT DIPROT BRTSTK SMT ERTLPN LRTLPN SCORE SCORESCORE SCORE % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT Stat ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABSMean1 4.3 5.3 3.5 4.5 99.1 96.3 81.6 88.3 Mean2 4.7 5.9 2.5 7.5 100.098.3 94.4 98.3 Locs 6 14 1 1 1 6 11 12 Reps 10 17 2 2 2 9 15 13 Diff−0.4 −0.6 1.0 −3.0 −0.9 −2.0 −12.8 −10.0 Prob 0.337 0.004 . . . 0.3210.157 0.111

TABLE 6C INBREDS IN HYBRID COMBINATION REPORT Variety #1: HYBRIDCONTAINING PH890-Variety #2: 31A12 YIELD YlELD MST EGRWTH GDUSHD GDUSLKSTKCNT PLTHT EARHT BU/A 56# BU/A 56# PCT SCORE GDU GDU COUNT CM CM StatABS % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN Mean1 203.5 102.3 100.1 99.399.6 100.2 100.2 100.0 101.1 Mean2 190.1 95.9 100.6 103.0 97.2 96.0100.0 95.2 92.8 Locs 52 52 52 8 10 6 92 13 13 Reps 54 54 54 10 13 6 13518 18 Diff 13.3 6.4 0.5 −3.7 2.5 4.2 0.2 4.8 8.3 Prob 0.001 0.001 0.5180.421 0.002 0.200 0.719 0.001 0.003 STAGRN STKLDG ABTSTK TSTWT GLFSPTNLFBLT SLFBLT ANTROT CLN SCORE % NOT % NOT LB/BU SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORESCORE Stat % MN % MN % MN ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 105.6 109.4124.6 56.3 4.8 5.0 7.1 4.0 3.5 Mean2 72.0 102.8 96.7 56.1 4.8 5.0 5.13.8 2.5 Locs 15 1 5 35 4 1 5 3 1 Reps 17 1 15 38 6 2 7 6 4 Diff 33.7 6.627.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.2 1.0 Prob 0.003 . 0.183 0.658 1.000 . 0.0030.742 . HD MDMCPX FUSERS ECB1LF ECB2SC HSKCVR BRTSTK SMT ERTLPN LRTLPNSCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT Stat ABS ABS ABSABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 2.8 6.3 3.7 3.8 5.4 99.1 96.9 80.5 100.0Mean2 3.3 5.0 4.0 3.6 4.3 100.0 99.6 71.5 100.0 Locs 2 5 1 3 9 1 3 5 2Reps 4 9 3 5 10 2 6 7 2 Diff −0.5 1.3 −0.3 0.2 1.2 −0.9 −2.7 9.0 0.0Prob 0.500 0.049 . 0.635 0.011 . 0.186 0.181 1.000

TABLE 6D INBREDS IN HYBRID COMBINATION REPORT Variety #1: HYBRIDCONTAINING PH890-Variety #2: 31N27 YIELD YIELD MST EGRWTH ESTCNT GDUSHDGDUSLK STKCNT BU/A 56# BU/A 56# PCT SCORE COUNT GDU GDU COUNT Stat ABS %MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN % MN Mean1 198.2 103.3 99.5 104.9 104.5100.2 100.6 101.3 Mean2 200.1 104.8 100.6 85.5 101.5 100.6 100.9 100.8Locs 111 111 111 12 11 25 19 193 Reps 135 135 137 14 23 30 21 301 Diff−1.8 −1.5 1.0 19.4 3.0 −0.4 −0.3 0.5 Prob 0.451 0.279 0.094 0.000 0.1070.186 0.378 0.140 PLTHT EARHT STAGRN STKLDG ABTSTK TSTWT GLFSPT NLFBLTCM CM SCORE % NOT % NOT LB/BU SCORE SCORE Stat % MN % MN % MN % MN % MNABS ABS ABS Mean1 99.0 98.4 99.9 109.4 118.0 56.4 5.0 5.8 Mean2 95.490.8 113.3 109.4 132.1 56.9 6.0 5.6 Locs 31 31 33 1 8 73 6 4 Reps 42 4240 1 29 97 9 7 Diff 3.6 7.6 −13.5 0.0 −14.1 −0.5 −1.0 0.1 Prob 0.0010.000 0.028 . 0.292 0.032 0.076 0.789 SLFBLT ANTROT CLN MDMCPX FUSERSDIPERS SOURST ECB1LF SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCOREStat ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 6.9 3.8 3.5 2.8 6.0 4.5 2.52.8 Mean2 6.7 4.7 4.0 3.8 6.5 3.5 6.0 3.7 Locs 7 6 1 2 9 2 1 2 Reps 1211 4 4 16 4 2 6 Diff 0.2 −0.8 −0.5 −1.0 −0.5 1.0 −3.5 −0.8 Prob 0.7190.080 . 1.000 0.217 0.295 . 0.344 HD ECB2SC HSKCVR GIBROT DIPROT BRTSTKSMT ERTLPN LRTLPN SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE % NOT % NOT % NOT % NOT StatABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS Mean1 4.3 5.1 3.5 4.5 99.1 96.3 80.388.3 Mean2 5.4 6.3 5.5 5.5 100.0 96.3 82.3 93.3 Locs 6 19 1 1 1 6 14 12Reps 10 26 2 2 2 9 20 13 Diff −1.1 −1.2 −2.0 −1.0 −0.9 0.0 −2.0 −5.0Prob 0.108 0.000 . . . 0.995 0.860 0.191

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in thespecification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art towhich this invention pertains. All such publications, patents and patentapplications are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose citedto the same extent as if each was specifically and individuallyindicated to be incorporated by reference herein.

The foregoing invention has been described in detail by way ofillustration and example for the purposes of clarity and understanding.However, it is obvious that certain changes and modifications such asbackcross conversions and mutations, somoclonal variants, variantindividuals selected from large populations of the plants of the instantinbred and the like may be practiced within the scope of the invention,as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

1. Seed of maize inbred line designated PH890, representative seed ofsaid line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4870.
 2. Amaize plant, or a part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 1.3. The maize plant of claim 2, wherein said plant has been detasseled.4. A tissue culture of regenerable cells produced from the plant ofclaim
 2. 5. Protoplasts produced from the tissue culture of claim
 4. 6.The tissue culture of claim 4, wherein cells of the tissue culture arefrom a tissue selected from the group consisting of leaf, pollen,embryo, root, root tip, anther, silk, flower, kernel, ear, cob, husk andstalk.
 7. A maize plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 4,said plant having all the morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics of inbred line PH890, representative seed of said linehaving been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4870.
 8. A method forproducing an F1 hybrid maize seed, comprising crossing the plant ofclaim 2, with a different maize plant and harvesting the resultant F1hybrid maize seed.
 9. A method of producing a male sterile maize plantcomprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2, with a nucleic acidmolecule that confers male sterility.
 10. A male sterile maize plantproduced by the method of claim
 9. 11. A method of producing anherbicide resistant maize plant comprising transforming the maize plantof claim 2, with a transgene that confers herbicide resistance.
 12. Anherbicide resistant maize plant produced by the method of claim
 11. 13.The maize plant of claim 12, wherein the transgene confers resistance toan herbicide selected from the group consisting of: imidazolinone,sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine andbenzonitrile.
 14. A method of producing an insect resistant maize plantcomprising transforming the maize plant of claim 2, with a transgenethat confers insect resistance.
 15. An insect resistant maize plantproduced by the method of claim
 14. 16. The maize plant of claim 15,wherein the transgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.
 17. Amethod of producing a disease resistant maize plant comprisingtransforming the maize plant of claim 2, with a transgene that confersdisease resistance.
 18. A disease resistant maize plant produced by themethod of claim
 17. 19. A method of producing a maize plant withdecreased phytate content comprising transforming the maize plant ofclaim 2, with a transgene encoding phytase.
 20. A maize plant withdecreased phytate content produced by the method of claim
 19. 21. Amethod of producing a maize plant with modified fatty acid metabolism ormodified carbohydrate metabolism comprising transforming the maize plantof claim 2, with a transgene encoding a protein selected from the groupconsisting of fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase,invertase and starch branching enzyme or encodes an antisense ofstearoyl-ACP desaturase.
 22. A maize plant or encodes an antisense ofstearoyl-ACP desaturase produced by the method of claim
 21. 23. Themaize plant of claim 22, wherein the transgene confers a trait selectedfrom the group consisting of waxy starch and increased amylose starch.24. A maize plant, or a part thereof, having all the physiological andmorphological characteristics of the inbred line PH890, representativeseed of said line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No.PTA-4870.
 25. A method of introducing a desired trait into maize inbredline PH890 comprising: (a) crossing PH890 plants grown from PH890 seed,representative seed of which has been deposited under ATCC Accession No.PTA-4870, with plants of another maize line that comprise a desiredtrait to produce F1 progeny plants, wherein the desired trait isselected from the group consisting of male Sterility, herbicideresistance, insect resistance, disease resistance and waxy starch, (b)selecting F1 progeny plants that have the desired trait to produceselected F1 progeny plants; (c) crossing the selected progeny plantswith the PH890 plants to produce backcross progeny plants; (d) selectingfor backcross progeny plants that have the desired trait andphysiological and morphological characteristics of maize inbred linePH890 listed in Table 1 to produce selected backcross progeny plants;and (c) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession toproduce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny plan % that comprisethe desired trait and all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of maize inbred line PH890 listed in Table 1 asdetermined at the 5% significance level when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions.
 26. A plant produced by the method of claim25, wherein the plant has the desired trait and all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of maize inbred line PH890 listed inTable 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in thesame environmental conditions.
 27. The plant of claim 26 wherein thedesired trait is herbicide resistance and the resistance is conferred toan herbicide selected from the group consisting of: imidazolinone,sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine andbenzonitrile.
 28. The plant of claim 26 wherein the desired trait isinsect resistance and the insect resistance is conferred by a transgeneencoding a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.
 29. The plant of claim 26wherein the desired trait is male sterility and the trait is conferredby a cytoplasmic nucleic acid molecule that confers male sterility. 30.A method of modifying fatty acid metabolism, phytic acid metabolism orcarbohydrate metabolism in maize inbred line PH890 comprising: (a)crossing PH890 plants grown from PH890 seed, representative seed ofwhich has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4870, with plantsof another maize line that comprise a nucleic acid molecule encoding anenzyme selected from the group consisting of phytase,fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase, invertase and starchbranching enzyme or encodes an antisense of stearoyl-ACP desaturasehaving modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydratemetabolism; (b) selecting F1 progeny plants that have said nucleic acidmolecule to produce selected F1 progeny plants; (c) crossing theselected progeny plants with the PH890 plants to produce backcrossprogeny plants; (d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that havesaid nucleic acid molecule and physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of maize inbred line PH890 listed in Table 1 to produceselected backcross progeny plants; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d)three or more times in succession to produce selected fourth or higherbackcross progeny plants that comprise said nucleic acid molecule andhave all of the physiological characteristics of maize inbred line PH890listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance level when grownin the same environmental conditions.
 31. A plant produced by the methodof claim 30, wherein the plant comprises the nucleic acid molecule andhas all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of maizeinbred line PH890 listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significancelevel when grown in the same environmental conditions.